Hazardous tools: the emergence of reasoning in human tool use
Hazardous tools: the emergence of reasoning in human tool use
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DOI：
10.1007/s00426-020-01466-2
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发表时间：
2021-01-06
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Brandimonte, Maria A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Federico, Giovanni;Osiurak, Francois;Brandimonte, Maria A.
人类在理解工具的使用和实现目标之间的因果关系方面是独一无二的。本研究的核心思想是，工具使用可以被认为是技术推理支持的问题解决情景的一个实例。在一项眼球跟踪研究中，我们调查了受试者(N=32)观看主题一致(例如，钉子-钢锤)和主题不一致(例如，围巾-钢锤)对象-工具对的3D图像的注视模式，这些对象-工具对可能是“危险的”(意外带电)或不是。结果表明，在主题一致的条件下，参与者专注于工具的操作区域(例如，钢锤的手柄)。然而，当存在带电工具或当视觉场景没有动作提示时，无论是否有电，工具的功能/身份区域(例如，钢锤头部)比工具的操作区域被注视的时间更长。这些结果支持了一种综合的、基于推理的人类工具使用方法，并首次证明了机械/语义知识在工具视觉探索中的关键作用。
Humans are unique in the way they understand the causal relationships between the use of tools and achieving a goal. The idea at the core of the present research is that tool use can be considered as an instance of problem-solving situations supported by technical reasoning. In an eye-tracking study, we investigated the fixation patterns of participants (N = 32) looking at 3D images of thematically consistent (e.g., nail-steel hammer) and thematically inconsistent (e.g., scarf-steel hammer) object-tool pairs that could be either "hazardous" (accidentally electrified) or not. Results showed that under thematically consistent conditions, participants focused on the tool's manipulation area (e.g., the handle of a steel hammer). However, when electrified tools were present or when the visual scene was not action-prompting, regardless of the presence of electricity, the tools' functional/identity areas (e.g., the head of a steel hammer) were fixated longer than the tools' manipulation areas. These results support an integrated and reasoning-based approach to human tool use and document, for the first time, the crucial role of mechanical/semantic knowledge in tool visual exploration.