Biofilm assemblage and activity on plastic in urban streams at a continental scale: Site characteristics are more important than substrate type
Biofilm assemblage and activity on plastic in urban streams at a continental scale: Site characteristics are more important than substrate type
复制标题
大陆尺度城市河流中塑料的生物膜组合和活性：场地特征比基质类型更重要
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155398
复制
发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Hoellein, T.J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vincent, A.E.S.;Chaudhary, A.;Kelly, J.J.;Hoellein, T.J.
塑料在河流中的命运是全球塑料循环的关键组成部分。进入淡水生态系统的塑料被微生物生物膜定殖，微生物-塑料相互作用可以影响生态系统过程和塑料命运。虽然研究地理区域对塑料生物膜的作用的文献正在迅速扩大，但涵盖大范围（即，大陆）空间尺度，包括淡水生态系统。此外，大多数研究集中在细菌群落，而生物膜真核生物的研究较少。我们评估了生物膜代谢和社区结构的塑料（泡沫聚苯乙烯和聚氯乙烯; PVC）和天然基板（无釉瓷砖）在城市河流跨越嵌套的地理梯度在美国大陆。我们测量生物膜生物量，社区呼吸，叶绿素，除了评估标记基因为基础的社区多样性的细菌，真菌和藻类组合。结果表明，生物膜特性的一些基板特定的趋势，包括较高的生物膜生物量的聚苯乙烯跨网站，和较低的多样性的细菌组合的两种类型的塑料垃圾与瓷砖。然而，叶绿素，呼吸作用，藻类和真菌组合的丰度和多样性的基板之间没有差异。因此，我们得出结论，生物膜代谢和社区组成的主要驱动程序是网站的特点，而不是基板类型。需要进一步的研究来量化哪些特定地点的特征驱动溪流中塑料垃圾上的生物膜动态（例如，水化学、光、季节性、水文学）。这些结果增加了越来越多的文献中的生物膜“plastisphere”在水生生态系统中，表明控制塑料基板上的生物膜群落（包括细菌，藻类和真菌组合在一起）在城市流的组装和活动的因素是类似的驱动生物膜动力学在自然基板上。
The fate of plastics in rivers is a key component of the global plastic cycle. Plastics entering freshwater ecosystems are colonized by microbial biofilms, and microbe-plastic interactions can influence ecosystem processes and plastic fate. While literature examining the role of geographic region on plastic biofilms is quickly expanding, research which covers large (i.e., continental) spatial scales and includes freshwater ecosystems is warranted. In addition, most research focuses on bacterial communities, while biofilm eukaryotes are less commonly studied. We assessed biofilm metabolism and community structure on plastic (foamed polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride; PVC) and natural substrates (unglazed ceramic tile) in urban streams spanning a nested geographic gradient in the continental United States. We measured biofilm biomass, community respiration, and chlorophylla, in addition to assessing marker gene-based community diversity of bacterial, fungal, and algal assemblages. Results demonstrated some substrate-specific trends in biofilm characteristics, including higher biofilm biomass on polystyrene across sites, and lower diversity of bacterial assemblages on both types of plastic litter versus tile. However, there were no differences among substrates for chlorophyll, respiration, and the abundance and diversity of algal and fungal assemblages. Thus, we concluded that the primary driver of biofilm metabolism and community composition were site characteristics, rather than substrate type. Additional studies are needed to quantify which site-specific characteristics drive biofilm dynamics on plastic litter in streams (e.g., water chemistry, light, seasonality, hydrology). These results add to the growing literature on the biofilm ‘plastisphere’ in aquatic ecosystems, demonstrating that the factors which control the assembly and activity of biofilm communities on plastic substrates (including bacteria, algal, and fungal assemblages together) in urban streams are similar to those driving biofilm dynamics on natural substrates.