The selection of social actions in families: II. Parental investment
The selection of social actions in families: II. Parental investment
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家庭社会行动的选择：II．
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Lloyd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Lloyd
亲属选择最广泛的应用之一是父母对子女的投资。特别是，特里弗斯的亲子冲突概念被生物学家热情地采用，并应用于亲子互动的许多方面，包括生殖努力，窝卵数，育雏减少，性别比例，以及传播和发芽策略。在本文中，父母和后代的策略进行检查方面的资源，父母投资于每个后代的数量，这决定了新独立的年轻的大小和平均健身。父母的投资在这里被用来作为一个模型系统的遗传模型的社会行动与自主基因模型的结果进行比较，并检查使用的包容性或集体健身的措施的相对优点。为此，父母投资的冲突程度是由两种家庭得出的，这两种家庭的不同之处在于年轻人之间的竞争方式（平等竞争与不平等竞争）。最后，冲突的解决方式和冲突与合作在提高年轻人的相对重要性进行了讨论。
One of the most widely used applications of kin selection concerns the investment that parents provide to their young. In particular, Trivers’ concept of parent–offspring conflict was enthusiastically adopted by biologists and applied to many aspects of parent–offspring interactions, including reproductive effort, clutch size, brood reduction, sex ratios, and dispersal and germination strategies. In this paper, parental and offspring strategies are examined with regard to the amount of resources that parents invest in each offspring; this determines the size and average fitness of the newly independent young. Parental investment is used here as a model system to compare the results of genetic models of social actions with those of autonomous gene models, and to examine the relative merits of using measures of inclusive or collective fitness. To this end, the extent of conflicts over parental investment is derived for two kinds of families, which differ in the way that the young compete with each other (equal versus unequal competition). Finally, the ways in which conflicts are resolved and the relative importance of conflict and cooperation in raising young are discussed.