Accumulation of chlorpyrifos on residential surfaces and toys accessible to children
Accumulation of chlorpyrifos on residential surfaces and toys accessible to children
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DOI：
10.2307/3433627
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Lioy, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gurunathan, S;Robson, M;Lioy, PJ
对接触杀虫剂的主要途径和途径进行定量检查对于确定人类风险是必不可少的。目前的研究在两个公寓进行，检查在建议使用后重新进入的时间后，毒死蜱在儿童玩具中的累积情况。首次证实，一种半挥发性杀虫剂会通过两个阶段的物理过程积累在家里的玩具和其他吸着剂表面上，并在施药后至少持续两周。对一名3-6岁的儿童进行上述总结，估计非膳食总剂量为208微克/公斤/天。吸入途径的潜在暴露可以忽略不计，而玩玩具所致的皮肤剂量和非饮食剂量分别占总剂量的39%和61%。如果将有高频嘴巴行为的儿童视为急性接触毒死蜱残留物的对象，估计急性剂量可能高达356微克/公斤/天。常规重复使用杀虫剂可能会导致玩具和其他吸着剂表面(如枕头)继续积累，并带有较大的吸水剂储存库，这可能成为儿童长期接触的来源。估计儿童在使用后1周内非膳食接触与玩具和其他吸着剂表面有关的毒死蜱似乎是公共卫生问题，而且需要在家庭环境中研究儿童从这一途径实际接触的情况。上述信息应被用来确定目前的施药后再入程序是否足够，并评估在杀虫剂应用期间储存常用家用玩具、枕头和其他吸附物体的程序的必要性。
Quantitative examination of major pathways and routes of exposure to pesticides is essential for determining human risk The current study was conducted in two apartments and examines the accumulation of the pesticide chlorpyrifos in childrens' toys after the time suggested for reentry after application. It has been established for the first time that a semivolatile pesticide will accumulate on and in toys and other sorbant surfaces in a home via a two-phase physical process that continues for at least 2 weeks postapplication. A summation of the above for a 3-6-year-old child yielded an estimated nondietary total dose of 208 mu g/kg/day. Potential exposure from the inhalation pathway was negligible, while dermal and nondietary oral doses from playing with toys contributed to 39 and 61% of the total dose, respectively. If children with high frequency mouthing behavior are considered as candidates for acute exposure to chlorpyrifos residues, the estimated acute dose could be as high as 356 mu g/kg/day. Routine reapplication of pesticides could lead to continued accumulation in toys and other sorbant surfaces, e.g., pillows, with large sorbant reservoirs, which can become a longterm source of exposure to a child. Estimates of a child's nondietary exposure to chlorpyrifos associated with toys and other sorbant surfaces for a period of 1 week following application appear to be of public health concern, and studies of actual childhood exposure from this pathway are warranted in the home environment. The above information should be used to determine if current procedures for postapplication reentry are sufficient and to evaluate the need for procedures to store frequently used household toys, pillows, and other sorbant objects during insecticidal application.