Global scenarios of irrigation water use for bioenergy production: a systematic review
Global scenarios of irrigation water use for bioenergy production: a systematic review
复制标题
DOI：
10.5194/hess-2020-338
复制
发表时间：
2020-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
F. Stenzel;D. Gerten;N. Hanasaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Stenzel;D. Gerten;N. Hanasaki
抽象的。未来气候演变的许多情景及其人为驱动因素包括相当数量的生物能源作为燃料来源、负排放技术或用于最终能源生产。专用生物质种植园灌溉的相关淡水需求可能很大，因此可能会增加受影响地区的用水限制和压力；然而，文献中提供的用水假设和水量差异很大。本文回顾了对这种生物能源生产的淡水需求的现有全球评估，并将这些估计与其他用水部门的情景相结合。我们扫描了现有的文献，(在430个初始点击中)发现了16篇关于生物质种植园灌溉的全球用水需求的报告(部分包括几个情景)，建议的范围是125-11,350千米3年−1用水量(消耗量)，而其他(农业、工业和家庭)取水的−1大约为1,100-11,600千米3年。为了提供对这种大范围的起源的理解，我们提出了不同的基本假设，讨论了主要的研究差异，并通过估计报告的最终能源或负排放的原始生物量来使所涉及的淡水数量具有可比性。我们的结论是，由于潜在的高用水需求和可能随之而来的权衡，生物能源应该是全球淡水需求和使用评估的一个组成部分。为了解释和比较报告的对未来可能的生物能水需求的估计，充分披露参数和假设是至关重要的。最低限额应包括每年蓝色水的消耗量和取水量、生物能源作物种类、雨水种植和灌溉生物能源种植园的位置(包括总面积)和生物能源收获总量。
Abstract. Many scenarios of future climate evolution and its anthropogenic drivers include considerable amounts of bioenergy as fuel source, negative emission technology, or for final energy production. The associated freshwater requirements for irrigation of dedicated biomass plantations might be substantial and therefore potentially increase water limitation and stress in affected regions; however, assumptions and quantities of water use provided in the literature vary strongly. This paper reviews existing global assessments of freshwater requirements for such bioenergy production and puts these estimates into the context of scenarios for other water use sectors. We scanned the available literature and (out of 430 initial hits) found 16 publications (partly including several scenarios) with reported values on global water demand for irrigation of biomass plantations, suggesting a range of 125–11,350 km3 yr−1 water use (consumption), compared to about 1,100–11,600 km3 yr−1 for other (agricultural, industrial, and domestic) water withdrawals. To provide an understanding of the origins of this large range, we present the diverse underlying assumptions, discuss major study differences, and make the freshwater amounts involved comparable by estimating the original biomass harvests from reported final energy or negative emissions. We conclude that due to the potentially high water demands and the trade-offs that might go along with them, bioenergy should be an integral part of global assessments of freshwater demand and use. For interpreting and comparing reported estimates of possible future bioenergy water demands, full disclosure of parameters and assumptions is crucial. A minimum set should include annual blue water consumption and withdrawal, bioenergy crop species, rainfed as well as irrigated bioenergy plantation locations (including total area), and total bioenergy harvest amounts.