Landscape-scale spatial patterns of winter injury to red spruce foliage in a year of heavy region-wide injury
Landscape-scale spatial patterns of winter injury to red spruce foliage in a year of heavy region-wide injury
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全区重灾年红云杉叶片冬害景观尺度空间格局
DOI：
10.1139/x05-236
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
D. DeHayes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Lazarus;P. Schaberg;G. Hawley;D. DeHayes
红云杉（Picea rubens Sarg.）冬季伤害是由导致最近的叶龄级脱落的冻害引起的。2003年，美国东北部的伤害是广泛和严重的，并在佛蒙特州和邻近州的23个地点的多个海拔进行了评估。本文介绍了这些伤害评估的空间分析。采用最小二乘回归和地理加权回归方法，研究了云杉优势树和共优势树冬季受害与海拔、纬度、经度、坡度和坡向的关系。分析结果表明：（1）随着海拔的升高，（2）从东向西，（3）随着样地朝向西的程度而增加，但在最高海拔处，伤害程度一致严重;（4）在较高海拔处，随着坡度的增加，或在较低海拔处，随着坡度的减小;（5）除北方海拔最高的地方伤害程度一致严重外，其它地方的伤害程度也一致严重。由于伤害是更大的地区，历史上收到了较高水平的酸和氮沉降-西部的研究区域，西向斜坡，海拔较高-观察到的伤害模式支持的假设，酸性和（或）氮沉降作用在景观尺度上加剧冬季伤害。在朝南的斜坡上更大的伤害表明阳光照射会加剧伤害或其表达。
Red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) winter injury is caused by freezing damage that results in the abscission of the most recent foliar age-class. Injury was widespread and severe in the northeastern United States in 2003 and was assessed at multiple elevations at 23 sites in Vermont and adjacent states. This paper presents a spatial analysis of these injury assessments. Relationships between winter injury on dominant and codominant spruce trees and elevation, latitude, longitude, slope, and aspect were investigated with least squares regression and geographically weighted regression. Results of these analyses indicate that injury increased (1) with elevation; (2) from east to west; (3) with the degree to which plots faced west, except at the highest elevations, where injury was uniformly severe; (4) with increases in slope steepness at higher elevations, or with decreases in slope steepness at lower elevations; and (5) with the degree to which plots faced south, except at the highest elevations in northern locations, where injury was uniformly severe. Because injury was greater in areas that have historically received higher levels of acid and nitrogen deposition - western portions of the study region, west-facing slopes, and higher elevations - observed patterns of injury support the hypothesis that acidic and (or) nitrogen deposition act on a landscape scale to exacerbate winter injury. Greater injury on south-facing slopes suggests that sun exposure exacerbates injury or its expression.