Forward and backward blocking of causal judgment is enhanced by additivity of effect magnitude
Forward and backward blocking of causal judgment is enhanced by additivity of effect magnitude
复制标题
因果判断的前向和后向阻塞通过效应幅度的可加性得到增强
作者：
Peter F. Peter F.;Sara;C. Mitchell;M. Bouton;R. Frohardt
当一个给定结果的两个原因同时出现时，自然会出现一个更大的影响。然而，许多实验室任务通过对影响大小设定上限来排除这种可加性规则--例如，通过使用二元结果。在这些条件下，两个因果线索的复合不能与一个因果线索和一个非因果线索的复合区分开来。两个实验检验了加性对线索竞争的影响。在常规的“变态反应”原因判断任务中，观察到显著但微弱的前向阻断和无后向阻断。大小加性的显性预训练产生了强烈而显著的前向和后向阻塞。加性预训练被发现对于另一种线索竞争效应是不必要的，即从遮蔽中释放，这在逻辑上不依赖于加性。结果证实，当效应大小受到限制时，阻塞是受限制的，并为线索竞争的推论提供了支持。
When two causes for a given effect are simultaneously presented, it is natural to expect an effect of greater magnitude. However many laboratory tasks preclude such an additivity rule by imposing a ceiling on effect magnitude—for example, by using a binary outcome. Under these conditions, a compound of two causal cues cannot be distinguished from a compound of one causal cue and one noncausal cue. Two experiments tested the effect of additivity on cue competition. Significant but weak forward blocking and no backward blocking were observed in a conventional “allergy” causal judgment task. Explicit pretraining of magnitude additivity produced strong and significant forward and backward blocking. Additivity pretraining was found to be unnecessary for another cue competition effect, release from overshadowing, which does not logically depend on additivity. The results confirm that blocking is constrained when effect magnitude is constrained and provide support for an inferential account of cue competition.