What Do Platforms Do? Understanding the Gig Economy
What Do Platforms Do? Understanding the Gig Economy
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054857
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Schor, Juliet B.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Vallas, Steven;Schor, Juliet B.
平台经济的快速增长引发了关于其对工作性质和就业的影响的学术讨论。我们确定了四个主要的主题，在文学平台的工作和相关的隐喻与每个。平台被视为创业孵化器、数字笼子、不稳定性的加速器和适应环境的变色龙。每一种工具都有局限性，这让我们引入了另一种平台形象：作为一种放任的统治者，将责任和对经济交易的控制外部化，同时仍然行使集中的权力。因此，平台代表了一种独特的治理机制，不同于市场、层级或网络，因此给传统经济中的监管者、工人及其竞争对手带来了一系列独特的问题。反映平台结构的不稳定性，监管制度的斗争是动态的，难以预测，但随着平台经济的发展，它们肯定会变得突出。
The rapid growth of the platform economy has provoked scholarly discussion of its consequences for the nature of work and employment. We identify four major themes in the literature on platform work and the underlying metaphors associated with each. Platforms are seen as entrepreneurial incubators, digital cages, accelerants of precarity, and chameleons adapting to their environments. Each of these devices has limitations, which leads us to introduce an alternative image of platforms: as permissive potentates that externalize responsibility and control over economic transactions while still exercising concentrated power. As a consequence, platforms represent a distinct type of governance mechanism, different from markets, hierarchies, or networks, and therefore pose a unique set of problems for regulators, workers, and their competitors in the conventional economy. Reflecting the instability of the platform structure, struggles over regulatory regimes are dynamic and difficult to predict, but they are sure to gain in prominence as the platform economy grows.