Travel and the ‘Freedom of Movement’: Racialised Encounters and Experiences Amongst Ethnic Minority Tourists in the EU
Travel and the ‘Freedom of Movement’: Racialised Encounters and Experiences Amongst Ethnic Minority Tourists in the EU
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旅行与“行动自由”：欧盟少数族裔游客的种族化遭遇和经历
DOI：
10.1080/17450100600726662
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Stephenson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Stephenson
本文提出了一个基于概念的讨论，处理与旅游经验和旅行遇到的少数民族公民生活在欧盟（EU）成员国的社会和地缘政治问题。尽管欧盟立法强调其公民在成员国之间享有行动自由，但在欧盟边界内外发生的种族主义情况的普遍存在表明这一承诺在社会政治上是模糊的。对来自非欧盟国家的移民增加的普遍歇斯底里延伸到那些拥有法律的入境、居留和/或公民身份的少数群体--因为他们也明显不同于欧洲的白色多数群体。因此，本文件反思了2001年9月11日在美国发生的袭击事件如何对人们的旅游业和旅行经历产生了有害影响，特别是在个人受到机构和族裔（白色）多数高度怀疑的情况下。该工作坚定地强调，种族偏见，制度性种族主义和仇外种族主义的做法限制了少数民族公民欣赏国际化的旅游体验，并与其他欧洲文化和社会进行融洽的交流。其中一个主要论点认为，种族化运动限制了少数民族公民实现社会和（多）文化形式公民的充分权利。结论建议的方式，研究人员应该回应欧盟内的旅游业和种族主义的研究。
This paper presents a conceptual‐based discussion dealing with social and geo‐political concerns associated with the tourism experiences and travel encounters of ethnic minority citizens living in member‐states of the European Union (EU). Although EU legislation emphasises that its citizens have freedom of movement throughout member‐states, the prevalence of racialised situations transpiring within, across and beyond EU borders suggests that this commitment is socio‐politically ambiguous. The popular hysteria that has developed towards increased immigration from non‐EU countries extends to those minorities who have legal status of entry, residency and/or citizenship – as they too are visibly different from Europe's white majorities. The paper thus reflects on ways in which the 11 September 2001 attacks in America have had a detrimental impact on people's tourism and travel experiences, particularly in instances where individuals have been treated with high levels of suspicion from institutional bodies and ethnic (white) majorities. The work firmly emphasises that racial prejudice, institutional racism and xeno‐racist practices restrict ethnic minority citizens from appreciating cosmopolitan‐based tourism experiences and engaging in congenial exchanges with other European cultures and societies. One of the main contentions asserts that racialised movements limit ethnic minority citizens from achieving full rights to social and (multi)cultural forms of citizenship. The conclusion suggests ways in which researchers ought to respond to the study of tourism and racism within the EU.