Interspecific Aggressive Behaviour of Invasive Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus in Iberian Fresh Waters
Interspecific Aggressive Behaviour of Invasive Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus in Iberian Fresh Waters
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0088038
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发表时间：
2014-02-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Copp, Gordon H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Almeida, David;Merino-Aguirre, Raquel;Copp, Gordon H.
南瓜子（Lepomis gibbosus（L.）是欧洲的成功入侵者，该物种主要通过营养相互作用产生多种生态效应。行为干扰代表了对本地动物的潜在影响，这是在伊比利亚半岛特别值得关注的保护，因为非常宝贵的地方性动物栖息在该地区的溪流。然而，侵略性的相互作用，以前没有在自然条件下在伊比利亚淡水沃茨检查。为了解决这一知识差距，本研究的目的是评估的影响，南瓜籽侵略的伊比利亚流，Bullaque河（西班牙中部）的地方性动物。在2009年9月，我们分析了这些行为的相互作用的侵略和环境背景浮潜：侵略者的大小，侵略类型，浅滩的大小，以前的活动侵略，受体物种，对侵略的反应，微生境结构和猎物的可用性。小南瓜籽表现出更多的威胁和更少的追求行为相对于中型和大型的个人，反映了个体发育行为的转变，从低到高的侵略强度。小侵略者来自大浅滩，底部喂养是最常见的活动之前的侵略性的相互作用，而大南瓜籽不太合群，他们大多是走动的水柱前侵略。入侵物种包括非本地的小龙虾和鱼类，更重要的是，当地的鱼类和青蛙。撤退是对侵略最常见的反应，无论侵略者的规模大小。小南瓜籽显示侵略行为的粗基质含有高大型底栖生物生物量，而侵略大型个人观察到在更深的沃茨。这些研究结果表明，小和大南瓜籽施加高的影响，其他流居民通过侵略竞争的食物和领土防御，分别。这项研究强调了在野外直接观察的有用性，用于评估入侵鱼类对伊比利亚水生群落的行为干扰的影响。
Pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus (L.) are successful invaders in Europe, where this species exerts multiple ecological effects, mainly through trophic interactions. Behavioural interference represents a potential impact for native fauna and this is of particular conservation concern in the Iberian Peninsula because of the highly valuable endemic fauna inhabiting streams of this region. However, aggressive interactions have not previously been examined under natural conditions in Iberian fresh waters. To address this gap in knowledge, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of pumpkinseed aggression on endemic fauna of an Iberian stream, the River Bullaque (central Spain). In September 2009, we analysed the aggression and environmental contexts of these behavioural interactions by snorkelling: aggressor size, aggression type, shoal size, previous activity to aggression, recipient species, response to aggression, microhabitat structure and prey availability. Small pumpkinseed displayed more threat and fewer pursuit behaviours relative to medium and large individuals, reflecting an ontogenetic behavioural shift from low to high aggression intensity. Small aggressors came from large shoals, with bottom feeding being the most frequently observed activity prior to an aggressive interaction; whereas large pumpkinseed were less gregarious and they were mostly ambulating within the water column prior to aggression. Recipient species of aggression included non-native crayfish and fishes, and more importantly, endemic fishes and frogs. Retreat was the most common response to aggression, irrespective of aggressor size. Small pumpkinseed displayed aggressive behaviours over coarse substrata containing elevated macrobenthos biomass; whereas aggression by large individuals was observed in deeper waters. These findings suggest that small and large pumpkinseed exert a high impact on other stream residents through aggression in competition for food and territory defence, respectively. This study highlights the usefulness of direct observations in the wild for assessing the effects of behavioural interference of invasive fishes on Iberian aquatic communities.