The energy footprint of automotive electronic sensors
The energy footprint of automotive electronic sensors
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DOI：
10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00195
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
Cresko, Joe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Armstrong, Kristina;Das, Sujit;Cresko, Joe
信息和通信技术（ICT）已成为减少全球排放的主要技术之一，特别是在移动部门。汽车电子产品，如传感器/执行器和微控制器（通常称为电子控制单元（ECU），控制车辆中的一个或多个电气系统或子系统），在ICT中发挥关键作用。传感器/执行器是电子信息通信技术设备的关键，从数据收集和与互联网的数据通信开始。汽车电气化和自动化的最新两大趋势预计将使全球汽车传感器的使用量从2017年的75亿辆增加到2024年的110亿辆。一个具有代表性的最先进的汽车传感器系统（即超声波备份系统），包括控制汽车电气系统/子系统的ecu，已经被认为是在全球汽车传感器使用的制造和运行能量方面估计能源足迹。能源足迹估算可以考虑直接和间接（包括原料和辅助材料的提取、制造和处置）的能源使用，因此采用了广泛使用的生命周期能源评估方法（即累积能源需求）。系统的具体制造能量影响估计为559兆焦耳/个系统，相比之下，系统寿命功率和额外汽油消耗为417兆焦耳/个系统。在不包括上游能源的情况下，采购能源占隐含能源的比例小于10%，零部件制造和车辆运行能源使用的比例分别接近85%。由于该超声波备份系统的目的是防止后方碰撞，估计每个系统可避免1.0MJ，从而缩短车辆维修寿命（估计需要更换后保险杠的几率为11%）。虽然与整体汽车制造和使用的能源相比，所有这些都很小，但预计到2024年将生产110亿个汽车传感器，制造过程中可能需要1540 PJ，而这些传感器将需要780-1150 PJ的额外能源使用。(C) 2020 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Information and communication technologies (ICT) have emerged as one of the leading technologies to reduce global emissions, particularly in the mobility sector. Automotive electronics, such as sensors/actuators and microcontrollers (commonly known as electronic control units (ECU) which control one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a vehicle), play a key role in ICT. Sensors/actuators are key in electronic ICT devices, starting with the data collection and data communication with the internet. The latest two big trends of electrification and automation in vehicles, are projected to increase the use of worldwide automotive sensors from 7.5 billion units in 2017 to 11.0 billion units by the year 2024. A representative state-of-the art automotive sensor system, (i.e., an ultrasonic backup system), including the ECUs controlling the vehicle electrical systems/subsystems, has been considered to estimate the energy footprint in terms of manufacturing and operational energy of global automotive sensors use. A widely used life cycle energy assessment method (i.e., cumulative energy demand) was used as both direct and indirect (including the extraction, manufacturing, and disposal of the raw and auxiliary materials) energy use can be considered for the energy footprint estimation. The embodied manufacturing energy impacts of the system was estimated to be 559 MJ/system, compared to the 417 MJ/system for lifetime system power and additional gasoline use. The share of purchased energy to the embodied energy where the upstream energy isn't included in the former case, is less than 10% and similar to 85% for the component manufacturing and vehicle operation energy uses, respectively. As the purpose of this ultrasonic backup system is to prevent rear crashes, an estimated 1.0MJ/system is avoided fromreduced lifetime vehicular repairs (from an estimated 11% chance of requiring a rear bumper replacement). While all of this is small compared to the overall automotive manufacturing and use energy, the 11 billion automotive sensors expected to be produced in 2024 could require 1540 PJ for manufacturing and those sensors would require an additional 780-1150 PJ for lifetime energy use. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.