Detecting stellar-wind bubbles through infrared arcs in H ii regions

Detecting stellar-wind bubbles through infrared arcs in H ii regions
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通过 H ii 区域的红外弧探测星风气泡

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201527569
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Mackey J
Mackey J
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mackey J

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尘埃辐射的中红外弧经常出现在H ii区域的电离恒星附近。对这些弧的一个可能的解释是,它们可以显示不对称的恒星风气泡的外缘。我们使用二维的,辐射流体动力学模拟风气泡在H II区域内围绕个别恒星来预测H II区域内的尘埃的红外发射特性。我们假设,灰尘和气体是动态耦合良好,灰尘的属性(成分,尺寸分布)是相同的H II区域外,风泡不含灰尘。我们后处理的模拟,使合成强度地图在红外波段使用环面代码。我们发现,风泡的外缘通过被尘埃颗粒吸收的星光并在红外热辐射而发出24μm的明亮光。这会产生一个明亮的弧形发射缓慢移动的恒星,有不对称的风泡,即使是在没有弓激波或任何相应的气体排放示踪剂的情况下。24μm的强度从弧随着距离星星的增加而呈指数下降,因为尘埃温度随着距离的增加而下降。尘埃颗粒的粒度分布和成分对我们的结果有定量而非定性的影响。尽管我们的模型的简化,我们发现很好的定性协议与H II区域RCW 120的观测,并可以提供任何定量差异的物理解释。我们的模型产生了一个红外弧,其形状和大小与RCW 120中CD −38°11636周围的弧相同,并且具有相当的亮度。这表明H ii区域O型恒星周围的红外弧可能揭示了恒星风气泡的程度,尽管我们没有排除其他解释。
Mid-infrared arcs of dust emission are often seen near ionizing stars within H ii regions. A possible explanations for these arcs is that they could show the outer edges of asymmetric stellar wind bubbles. We use two-dimensional, radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of wind bubbles within H ii regions around individual stars to predict the infrared emission properties of the dust within the H ii region. We assume that dust and gas are dynamically well-coupled and that dust properties (composition, size distribution) are the same in the H ii region as outside it, and that the wind bubble contains no dust. We post-process the simulations to make synthetic intensity maps at infrared wavebands using the torus code. We find that the outer edge of a wind bubble emits brightly at 24μm through starlight absorbed by dust grains and re-radiated thermally in the infrared. This produces a bright arc of emission for slowly moving stars that have asymmetric wind bubbles, even for cases where there is no bow shock or any corresponding feature in tracers of gas emission. The 24μm intensity decreases exponentially from the arc with increasing distance from the star because the dust temperature decreases with distance. The size distribution and composition of the dust grains has quantitative but not qualitative effects on our results. Despite the simplifications of our model, we find good qualitative agreement with observations of the H ii region RCW 120, and can provide physical explanations for any quantitative differences. Our model produces an infrared arc with the same shape and size as the arc around CD −38°11636 in RCW 120, and with comparable brightness. This suggests that infrared arcs around O stars in H ii regions may be revealing the extent of stellar wind bubbles, although we have not excluded other explanations.
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