Disaster risk construction in the progressive consolidation of informal settlements: Iquique and Puerto Montt (Chile) case studies
Disaster risk construction in the progressive consolidation of informal settlements: Iquique and Puerto Montt (Chile) case studies
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.05.001
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发表时间：
2015-09
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
C. Castro;Ignacio Ibarra;M. Lukas;Jorge Ortiz;J. Sarmiento
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Castro;Ignacio Ibarra;M. Lukas;Jorge Ortiz;J. Sarmiento
The relationship between informality and vulnerability, common in Latin American communities, is analyzed using data from two medium-sized cities in the Chilean urban system as case studies: Iquique, located in the northern desert zone of the country, and Puerto Montt, located in the rainy south. Informal settlements, or ‘campamento’(literally meaning campsites in Chile), within these cities were studied and analyzed. The results revealed that while these originally illegalcampamentoshave gradually been absorbed by urban sprawl and have reached internal consolidation, they continue to maintain their conditions of precariousness and social vulnerability.Thecampamentosettlements are frequently located in areas exposed to natural hazards. They have also been subject to institutional backwardness, or a lack of oversight, with little to no attention being paid to risk reduction. In Iquique, thecampamentoslocated in the northern zone of the city are highly exposed to seismic threats and landslides. They are also close to the port and the tax free zone (ZOFRI). In the case of Puerto Montt, the most vulnerable areas of thecampamentosare the coastline areas to the west and east of the city, which are subject to landslides and flooding.Thecampamentosettlements constitute real vulnerabilityhotspotsfor their residents, as they are high risk zones within the cities, characterized by high levels of precariousness. In general, they have not been considered in the urban improvement measures, even though they have been part of each city’s main urban area for several decades now.
