Diving and foraging behaviour of Adélie penguins in areas with and without fast sea-ice
Diving and foraging behaviour of Adélie penguins in areas with and without fast sea-ice
复制标题
阿德利企鹅在有或没有固定海冰的地区的潜水和觅食行为
作者：
Y. Watanuki;A. Kato;Y. Naito;G. Robertson;S. Robinson
摘要比较了阿德利企鹅(Pygocelis Adeliae)和普里兹湾磁岛企鹅的潜水和觅食行为，前者在胡库拉湾Lützow-Holm湾饲养的幼企鹅整个夏天都保持着快速的海冰，后者在1月初快速海冰消失了。虎黑湾的亲企鹅潜水较浅(7.1m-11.3m)，但潜水时间(90-111m S)比磁岛企鹅(22.9m和62 S)长。两个种群的潜水持续时间与潜水深度相关(R2=0.001∼0.90)，但虎黑湾企鹅在给定深度潜水的时间更长。与磁岛相比，虎黑湾的父母觅食时间更短(8.1-14.4小时)，步行/游泳(潜水和1米)的旅行时间(27-40%)更长(占旅行时间的27-40%)，带回的食物(253-293克)更少。磁岛的父母平均觅食时间为57.2小时，步行/游泳(1米)的时间为2%，用餐时间平均为525克。两个殖民地的旅行时间与潜水总时间相关。在虎黑湾的旅行时间随着步行/游泳(<；1米)旅行时间的增加而增加，但在磁岛的旅行时间没有增加。群体间觅食行为的差异可能反映了海冰覆盖率和觅食地点的可得性的差异。
Abstract The diving and foraging behaviours of Adélie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, rearing chiks at Hukuro Cove, Lützow-Holm Bay, where the fast sea-ice remained throughout summer, were compared to those of penguins at Magnetic Island, Prydz Bay, where the fast sea-ice disappeared in early January. Parent penguins at Hukuro Cove made shallower (7.1–11.3 m) but longer (90–111 s) dives than those at Magnetic Island (22.9 m and 62 s). Dive duration correlated with dive depth at both colonies (r2 = 0.001 ∼ 0.90), but the penguins atg Hukuro Cove made longer dives for a given depth. Parents at Hukuro Cove made shorter foraging trips (8.1–14.4 h) with proportionally longer walking/swimming (diving < 1 m) travel time (27–40% of trip duration) and returned with smaller meals (253–293 g) than those at Magnetic Island, which foraged on average for 57.2 h, spent 2% of time walking/swimming ( < 1 m) travel, and with meals averaging 525 g. Trip duration at both colonies correlated to the total time spent diving. Trip duration at Hukuro Cove, but not at Magnetic Island, increased as walking/swimming ( < 1 m) travel time increased. These differences in foraging behaviour between colonies probably reflected differences in sea-ice cover and the availability of foraging sites.