A new Swiss test-site for avalanche experiments in the Vallee de la Sionne/Valais
A new Swiss test-site for avalanche experiments in the Vallee de la Sionne/Valais
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DOI：
10.1016/s0165-232x(99)00010-5
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发表时间：
1999-12-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Ammann, WJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ammann, WJ
瑞士建立了一个新的雪崩试验场，以研究密流雪崩和粉雪雪崩的整体动力学行为，并测量其路径上的雪崩冲击力。收集的数据的一个重要应用是验证和校准物理模型和计算机模拟程序。用于影响研究。在雪崩轨道内设置了护道围墙、圆形截面塔架、梁柱和一段屋面，并安装了力传感器和压力应变计。雪崩的动态行为是由多普勒和FMCW雷达测量的。雪量平衡是通过摄影测量建立的。雪崩是人工释放的。多年来，瑞士联邦雪与雪崩研究所使用位于广州要塞的一个试验场来研究密集流雪崩的动态行为。在这个地点成功的实验数量有限，迫使该研究所研究了几个雪崩试验场的替代方案。最终决定在瓦莱州的一个地点，那里有几条潜在的雪崩轨道，海拔差超过1000米，最适合我们的目的。在对试验场进行了几年的规划后，土木工程施工工作于1997年夏天开始，随后安装了传感器设备以及数据采集、传输和存储系统。1997年12月，试验场做好了实验准备。(C)1999 Elsevier Science B.V.，保留所有权利。
A new Swiss test-site for avalanche experiments has been built to study the overall dynamic behaviour of dense-flow and powder-snow avalanches and to measure avalanche impact forces along their path. An important application of the data gathered is for the verification and calibration of physical models and of computer simulation programs. For the impact studies. a wall, a pylon of circular section, a girder mast and a section of the roof of a road protection gallery are placed within the avalanche track and equipped with force transducers and pressure and strain gauges. The dynamic behaviour of the avalanches is measured by Doppler- and FMCW-radars. Snow mass balances are established by photogrammetry. The avalanches are artificially released. For many years, the Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research used a test-site in the Canton Grison to study the dynamic behaviour of dense-flow avalanches. The limited number of successful experiments at this site forced the institute to examine several alternatives for an avalanche test-site. It was finally decided that a site in the Canton Valais, with several potential avalanche tracks with more than 1000 m of potential difference in altitude, was most suitable for our purpose. After several years of planning for the test-site, the civil engineering construction work started in summer 1997, followed by the installation of sensor devices and the data acquisition, transfer and storage system. In December 1997, the test-site was ready for experiments. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V, All rights reserved.