Microvascular coronary dysfunction in women: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.

Microvascular coronary dysfunction in women: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2011.05.002
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发表时间:
2011-08
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Bairey, C. Noel
Bairey, C. Noel
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kothawade, Kamlesh;Bairey, C. Noel

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在评估心肌缺血的体征和症状时,与男性相比,女性表现出更大的症状负担、更多的功能障碍和更高的非阻塞性冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患病率。微血管冠状动脉功能障碍(MCD)定义为有限的冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)和/或冠状动脉内皮功能障碍,是负荷试验证实的持续性胸痛、无阻塞性CAD和缺血三联征女性患者缺血的主要病因机制。有证据表明,这些患者中约有50%有MCD的生理学证据。MCD的主要不良事件年发生率为2.5%,包括死亡、非致死性MI、非致死性卒中和充血性心力衰竭。虽然腺苷负荷心脏磁共振成像(CMRI)等测试可能是预测内膜下缺血的有用的非侵入性方法,但诊断MCD的金标准测试是侵入性冠状动脉反应性测试(CRT)。通过CRT早期识别MCD可能有利于对这些患者进行分类和分层,以获得最佳的药物治疗。目前,对MCD病理生理学的了解可用于指导诊断和治疗。需要继续对MCD进行研究,以进一步推进我们的理解。
Women exhibit a greater symptom burden, more functional disability, and a higher prevalence of no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to men when evaluated for signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia. Microvascular Coronary Dysfunction (MCD) defined as limited coronary flow reserve (CFR) and/or coronary endothelial dysfunction is the predominant etiological mechanism of ischemia in women with the triad of persistent chest pain, no obstructive CAD, and ischemia evidenced by stress testing. Evidence shows that approximately 50% of these patients have physiologic evidence of MCD. MCD is associated with a 2.5% annual major adverse event rate that includes death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke and congestive heart failure. Although tests such as adenosine stress cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) may be a useful non-invasive method to predict subendocardial ischemia, the gold standard test to diagnose MCD is an invasive Coronary Reactivity Testing (CRT). Early identification of MCD by CRT may be beneficial in prognostication and stratifying these patients for optimal medical therapy. Currently, understanding of MCD pathophysiology can be used to guide diagnosis and therapy. Continued research in MCD is needed to further advance our understanding.
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