ReaChR: a red-shifted variant of channelrhodopsin enables deep transcranial optogenetic excitation.

ReaChR: a red-shifted variant of channelrhodopsin enables deep transcranial optogenetic excitation.
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DOI:
10.1038/nn.3502
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发表时间:
2013-10
影响因子:
25
通讯作者:
Tsien, Roger Y.
Tsien, Roger Y.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lin, John Y.;Knutsen, Per Magne;Muller, Arnaud;Kleinfeld, David;Tsien, Roger Y.

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视紫红质用于光遗传学地去神经元。我们设计了一种通道视紫红质的变体,称为红色可激活的通道视紫红质(ReaChR),其最佳激发为橙子至红光(λ ~ 590至630 nm),并与现有的红移通道视紫红质相比,提供了改善的膜运输,更高的光电流和更快的动力学。与其他通道视紫红质变体所需的蓝色至绿色波长相比,红光被组织散射更弱,被血液吸收更少。在清醒小鼠中,当用红光通过完整头骨激发时,在触须运动皮层中表达的ReaChR用于驱动尖峰和触须运动。通过在脑干的面运动核中表达ReaChR并通过外耳道用红光照射来诱发精确的触须运动。因此,ReaChR能够经颅光学激活脑深部结构中的神经元,而无需通过手术减薄颅骨、形成经颅窗口或植入光纤。
Channelrhodopsins are used to optogenetically depolarize neurons. We engineered a variant of channelrhodopsin, denoted Red-activatable Channelrhodopsin (ReaChR), that is optimally excited with orange to red light (λ ~ 590 to 630 nm) and offers improved membrane trafficking, higher photocurrents, and faster kinetics compared with existing red-shifted channelrhodopsins. Red light is more weakly scattered by tissue and absorbed less by blood than the blue to green wavelengths required by other channelrhodopsin variants. ReaChR expressed in vibrissa motor cortex was used to drive spiking and vibrissa motion in awake mice when excited with red light through intact skull. Precise vibrissa movements were evoked by expressing ReaChR in the facial motor nucleus in the brainstem and illuminating with red light through the external auditory canal. Thus, ReaChR enables transcranial optical activation of neurons in deep brain structures without the need to surgically thin the skull, form a transcranial window, or implant optical fibers.
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