Non-native species change the tune of tundra soils: Novel access to soundscapes of the Arctic earthworm invasion
Non-native species change the tune of tundra soils: Novel access to soundscapes of the Arctic earthworm invasion
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非本地物种改变了苔原土壤的音调：北极蚯蚓入侵声景的新途径
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155976
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Klaminder, Jonatan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keen, Sara C.;Wackett, Adrian A.;Willenbring, Jane K.;Yoo, Kyungsoo;Jonsson, Hanna;Clow, Travis;Klaminder, Jonatan
在过去的十年中，越来越多的研究使用音景来解决各种生态问题。声音是少数几个能够提供不透明土壤基质中发生过程的原位洞察的信息来源之一。迄今为止，仅在受控的实验室环境中对利用音景监测大型土壤动物进行了实验测试。在这里，我们评估了实验室预测的有效性，并探讨了使用土壤声景代理监测土壤大型动物（即，（2）在户外环境中的活动。在瑞典北方的一个常见的花园实验中，我们构建了室外围隔群落地块（N= 36），其中包含两种不同的北极植被类型（草甸和石南），并介绍了蚯蚓的一半，这些地块。蚯蚓大大改变了环境土壤声景观下的两种植被类型，测量传统的声景观指数和频带功率水平，虽然他们的声学影响表示不同heathversusmeadow土壤。虽然这些发现支持了迄今为止尚未开发的利用地下声景分析来监测土壤生态系统健康的前景，但蚯蚓活动的直接声发射似乎不太可能成为跟踪每日时间尺度蠕虫活动的替代指标。相反，蚯蚓通过“重新设计”土壤基质间接改变了土壤音景：这种效果取决于植被类型。我们的研究结果表明，长期（即，自然土壤环境中的生物活动可能通过其对声景观措施和声学指数的影响而间接监测。分析土壤音景可以实现对高纬度土壤的更大规模监测，并直接适用于北极土壤内的土壤入侵的具体情况，最近已被确定为对高纬度生态系统恢复力的潜在威胁。土壤音景还可以提供一种新的手段来监测土壤和土壤-植物-动物相互作用，在situacross不同pedogenic，农学和生态系统。
Over the last decade, an increasing number of studies have used soundscapes to address diverse ecological questions. Sound represents one of the few sources of information capable of providingin situinsights into processes occurring within opaque soil matrices. To date, the use of soundscapes for soil macrofauna monitoring has been experimentally tested only in controlled laboratory environments. Here we assess the validity of laboratory predictions and explore the use of soil soundscape proxies for monitoring soil macrofauna (i.e., earthworm) activities in an outdoor context. In a common garden experiment in northern Sweden, we constructed outdoor mesocosm plots (N= 36) containing two different Arctic vegetation types (meadow and heath) and introduced earthworms to half of these plots. Earthworms substantially altered the ambient soil soundscape under both vegetation types, as measured by both traditional soundscape indices and frequency band power levels, although their acoustic impacts were expressed differently in heathversusmeadow soils. While these findings support the as-of-yet untapped promise of using belowground soundscape analyses to monitor soil ecosystem health, direct acoustic emissions from earthworm activities appear to be an unlikely proxy for tracking worm activities at daily timescales. Instead, earthworms indirectly altered the soil soundscape by ‘re-engineering’ the soil matrix: an effect that was dependent on vegetation type. Our findings suggest that long-term (i.e., seasonal) earthworm activities in natural soil settings can likely be monitored indirectlyviatheir impacts on soundscape measures and acoustic indices. Analyzing soil soundscapes may enable larger-scale monitoring of high-latitude soils and is directly applicable to the specific case of earthworm invasions within Arctic soils, which has recently been identified as a potential threat to the resilience of high-latitude ecosystems. Soil soundscapes could also offer a novel means to monitor soils and soil-plant-faunal interactionsin situacross diverse pedogenic, agronomic, and ecological systems.