The multiple actions of NO
The multiple actions of NO
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NO的多重作用
DOI：
10.1007/s00424-009-0773-9
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Gao, Yuansheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gao, Yuansheng
过去二十年的研究已经确定，一氧化氮（NO）对身体功能产生广泛的影响，包括肌肉收缩性、血小板聚集、代谢、神经元活性和免疫反应。潜在的机制主要依赖于由于可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶的刺激而升高鸟苷3′，5 ′-环一磷酸，通过细胞色素C氧化酶的作用抑制线粒体呼吸，以及亚硝基化蛋白质和酶。在病理生理条件下，NO的产生增加同时产生超氧化物，导致形成过氧亚硝酸盐，一种有效的氧化剂，因此组织损伤。本文就NO在调节肌肉收缩、血小板聚集、代谢、神经元活动和免疫反应等方面的作用作一综述。NO的作用取决于该气体分子、其衍生物和其效应物之间的相互作用以及局部氧化还原环境。考虑到这些相互作用的复杂性以及NO在各种身体系统和细胞类型中的广泛存在，毫无疑问，在可预见的未来，这一研究领域将仍然非常具有挑战性和价值。
Studies in the last two decades have firmly established that nitric oxide (NO) exerts a broad range of effects on bodily functions including muscle contractility, platelet aggregation, metabolism, neuronal activity, and immune responses. The underlying mechanisms rely primarily on elevating guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate due to the stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase, inhibiting mitochondria respiration by the action on cytochrome C oxidase, and nitrosylating proteins and enzymes. Under pathophysiological conditions, an increased production of NO concurrently with an enhanced generation of superoxide leads to the formation of peroxynitrite, a potent oxidative agent, and thus tissue injuries. This article intends to provide a brief review on the effects of NO in the modulations of muscle contractility, platelet aggregation, metabolism, neuronal activity, and immune responses. The actions of NO vary depending on the interactions between this gaseous molecule, its derivates, and their effectors as well as the local redox environments. Considering the complexity of these interactions and the widespread presence of NO in various body systems and cell types, there is no doubt that this area of research will remain very challenging and rewarding in the foreseeable future.