Perceptual organization of apparent motion in the Ternus display
Perceptual organization of apparent motion in the Ternus display
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作者：
He, ZJ;Ooi, TL
典型的 Ternus 显示具有三个顺序呈现的帧，其中帧 1 由三个运动标记组成，帧 2（空白）定义刺激间间隔，帧 3 具有类似的运动标记，但它们的相对位置向右移动。有趣的是，看似简单的刺激安排可以在观察者中引起两种不同的视运动感知之一。第一个是元素运动感知，其中左端标记跳过其两个相邻标记（内部标记）到达显示器的右端。第二个是群体运动感知，其中三个标记的整个显示被视为向右移动。视觉系统如何在这两种视运动感知之间进行选择？假设运动感知的选择部分由运动标记的感知组织决定。具体地，当属于同一帧的运动令牌之间存在强分组趋势时，就会体验到群体运动感知。相反，当帧 1 和 3 中的内部运动标记（即，在帧之间的空间中重叠的两个标记）之间存在强烈的分组趋势时，就会体验到元素运动感知。我们通过改变运动标记的感知组织来测试这个假设。感知组织的空间（形式相似性、3-D 接近度、共同表面/共同区域和遮挡）和时间（运动启动）因素均经过测试。我们发现，Ternus 显示器的视运动感知会受到可预测的影响，其方式与感知组织假设一致。
A typical Ternus display has three sequentially presented frames, in which frame 1 consists of three motion tokens, frame 2 (blank) defines the interstimulus interval, and frame 3 has similar motion tokens with their relative positions shifted to the right. Interestingly what appears to be a seemingly simple arrangement of stimuli can induce one of two distinct apparent-motion percepts in the observer. The first is an element-motion perception where the left-end token is seen to jump over its two neighboring tokens (inner tokens) to the right end of the display. The second is a group-motion perception where the entire display of the three tokens is seen to move to the right. How does the visual system choose between these two apparent-motion perceptions? It is hypothesized that the choice of motion perception is determined in part by the perceptual organization of the motion tokens. Specifically, a group-motion perception is experienced when a strong grouping tendency exists among the motion tokens belonging to the same frame. Conversely, an element-motion perception is experienced when a strong grouping tendency exists between the inner motion tokens in frames 1 and 3 (ie the two tokens that overlap in space between frames). We tested this hypothesis by varying the perceptual organization of the motion tokens. Both spatial (form similarity, 3-D proximity, common surface/common region, and occlusion) and temporal (motion priming) factors of perceptual organization were tested. We found that the apparent-motion percept of the Ternus display can be predictably affected, in a manner consistent with the perceptual organization hypothesis.