A New Graft Transmissible Disease Found in Nagami Kumquat-猫眼课题宝

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1984

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L. Navarro;J. Pina;J. F. Ballester-Olmos;P. Moreno;M. Cambra

在长见橘上发现了一种未描述的非传染性疾病。在菠萝甜橙子、Troyer citrange、酸橙子、Marsh葡萄柚、Orlando tangelo、Dweet tangor和Alemow上观察到三种类型的症状：1）静脉透明，但在墨西哥酸橙、Etrog citron、Cleopatra柑橘、粗柠檬、尤里卡柠檬、Pastamer柠檬、Trifoliate橙子、Nules clementine和Parson's special柑橘上没有;（2）在Etrog Citron上发生茎点蚀，而在其它种和杂种上不发生;（3）在Troyer Citrange上发生Nagami Quatum嫁接不亲和，而在粗柠檬上不发生。在t1825 OC生长的幼苗中，脉清症状比t27 - 32 OC更严重。仅在18- 25 ℃时诱导股骨柄凹陷。通过茎尖离体嫁接获得的一些枇杷植株与Troyer Citrange相容，并且不诱导脉清，但仍然产生茎点。这些数据表明在原始植物上存在不止一种病原体。初步的电子显微镜研究表明，在受感染的Troyer柠檬和甜橙子植物的提取物中存在一些约800 nm长的病毒样颗粒。使用四种不同的tristeza抗血清，经酶联免疫吸附试验，酶解的季铵盐产生阴性反应。1975年，西班牙开始实施柑橘品种改良计划（CVIPS），从所有商业品种和其他柑橘物种中恢复无病毒植物，这对研究工作或种质库有价值（1，2，3）。在该计划中，选择了来自两个来源的Nagami野橘，并对病毒含量进行了索引。其中一种矮壮素来源选自Alhama，穆尔西亚，西班牙的私人品种收藏（Alhama矮壮素），另一种是从Station des Recherches Agrumicoles a t Saint Giuliano，科西嘉，法国的（SRA 153，矮壮素）引进的，由Vogel博士提供.在温室内以粗柠檬和Troyer Citrange繁殖两种柑橘，并嫁接接种墨西哥酸橙、菠萝甜橙子、Etrog Citron和Parsons Special Mandarin，以分别测试衰退、牛皮癣和/或凹树胶、外皮病和木孔病。Alhama-quat指数为阴性的木孔菌病，阳性的衰退和exocortis，并给出了明显的静脉清晰的菠萝。SRA-153金柑对木孔菌病、衰退病和外皮病呈阴性，但它也能诱导菠萝橙子的静脉疏通。甜橙子上的这种类型的静脉清除症状通常不是由西班牙的tristeza引起的。此外，SRA-153双季铵盐在墨西哥酸橙上和通过ELISA对tristeza指示为阴性。因此，两种金柑来源诱导菠萝静脉清洁的可能性是由于新的病原体引起的。此外，这两种柑橘在粗柠檬上生长良好，但显然与Troyer citrange不相容。在本文中，我们描述的实验，旨在确定的代理或代理诱导菠萝静脉清除的特点，并建立一个可能的关系，这些代理之间的不相容性Nagami naturquat和Troyer citrange。在下文描述的大多数实验中，我们使用SRA-153四季铵盐以避免来自Alhama四季铵盐中存在的衰退和外皮的可能干扰。试验与结果柑桔品种和品种在其它嫁接传播性病原菌中对长见快生感病。将表1中列出的每种柑橘物种和品种的四棵幼苗用来自SRA-153枇杷的两片树皮接种，并在温室中在18-25°C下孵育。在每次冲洗中观察新叶的症状，并且在接种后8个月，将植物剥皮以寻找茎点蚀。类似于墨西哥酸橙上的tristeza诱导的那些静脉清除症状，不仅在菠萝上诱导（图I），而且在Comuna甜橙子、Troyer柠檬（图2）、Alemow、Marsh葡萄柚、Orlando tangelo、Dweet tangor、酸橙子和Cleopatra柑橘上也诱导。茎点蚀症状，类似于由tristeza引起的症状，仅在Etrog香橼中诱导（图3）。脉透明通常出现在第一次冲洗（嫁接后一个月或更短时间内）的一半到完全展开的叶中，有时稍后消失。在随后的冲洗中，

An undescribed graf t transmissible disease has been found on Nagami kumquat. Three types of symptoms have been observed: 1) vein clearing on Pineapple sweet orange, Troyer citrange, sour orange, Marsh grapefruit, Orlando tangelo, Dweet tangor and Alemow, but not on Mexican lime, Etrog citron, Cleopatra mandarin, rough lemon, Eureka lemon, Volkamer lemon, trifoliate orange, Nules clementine and Parson's special mandarin; 2) stem pitting on Etrog citron, but not on the other species and hybrids; and 3) graft incompatibility of Nagami kumquat on Troyer citrange, but not on rough lemon. Vein clearing symptoms were more severe in seedlings grown a t 1825OC than a t 27-32OC. Stem pitting was induced only a t 18-25OC. Some kumquat plants obtained by shoot-tip grafting in vitro were compatible with Troyer citrange, and did not induce vein clearing, but still produced stem pitting. These data suggest the presence of more than one pathogen on the original plants. Preliminary electron microscopy studies have shown the presence of some virus-like particles about 800 nm long in extracts of infected Troyer citrange and sweet orange plants. Diseased kumquats gave negative reactions by ELISA using four different tristeza antisera. A Citrus Variety Improvement Program (CVIPS) was started in Spain in 1975 to recover virus-free plants from all commercial varieties and other citrus species, valuable for research work or for a germplasm bank (1, 2, 3). In this program, Nagami kumquat from two origins was selected and indexed for virus content. One of the kumquat sources was selected from a private variety collection a t Alhama, Murcia, Spain, (Alhama kumquat), and the other was introduced from the Station des Recherches Agrumicoles a t Saint Giuliano, Corsica, France, (SRA153, kumquat), kindly provided by Dr. Vogel). Both kumquats were propagated on rough lemon and Troyer citrange in the greenhouse and graft-inoculated to Mexican lime, Pineapple sweet orange, Etrog citron and Parsons Special mandarin to test for tristeza, psorosis and/or concave gum, exocortis and xyloporosis, respectively. Alhama kumquat indexed negative for xyloporosis, positive for tristeza and exocortis and gave conspicuous vein clearing on Pineapple. SRA-153 kumquat indexed negative for xyloporosis, tristeza and exocortis, but i t also induced vein clearing on Pineapple sweet orange. This type of vein clearing symptoms on sweet orange are usually not induced by tristeza in Spain. Furthermore, SRA-153 kumquat indexed negative for tristeza on Mexican lime and by ELISA. Thus, the possibility existed that vein clearing induced on Pineapple by the two kumquat sources was due to a new pathogen. In addition, both kumquats grew well on rough lemon but were apparently incompatible with Troyer citrange. In this paper we describe experiments directed to determine the characteristics of the agent or agents inducing vein clearing on Pineapple and to establish a possible relationship between those agents and the incompatibility between Nagami kumquat and Troyer citrange. In most experiments described below we used SRA-153 kumquat to avoid possible interference from tristeza and exocortis which were present in Alhama kumquat. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS Citrus species and varieties susceptible to Nagami kumquat inOther Graft-Transmissible Agents oculum. Four seedlings of each of the citrus species and varieties listed in table 1 were graft-inoculated with two bark patches from SRA-153 kumquat and incubated in a greenhouse a t 18-25°C. New leaves were observed in each flush for symptoms, and eight months after inoculation plants were peeled to look for stem pitting. Vein clearing symptoms, similar to those induced by tristeza on Mexican lime, were induced not only on Pineapple (fig. I), but also on Comuna sweet orange, Troyer citrange (fig. 2), Alemow, Marsh grapefruit, Orlando tangelo, Dweet tangor, sour orange, and Cleopatra mandarin. Stem pitting symptoms, similar to those caused by tristeza, were induced only in Etrog citron (fig. 3). Vein clearing usually appeared in half to fully expanded leaves in the first flush (one month or less after grafting) and sometimes later disappeared. In subsequent flushes,

A New Graft Transmissible Disease Found in Nagami Kumquat

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