Epigenetics and Cancer
Epigenetics and Cancer
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-41610-6_1
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发表时间：
2017-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Andrew D Kelly;J. Issa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andrew D Kelly;J. Issa
表观遗传特征是可遗传的特征，通过细胞分裂传播，有助于独立于 DNA 序列的细胞身份。这些特征包括 DNA 甲基化、共价组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA 依赖性基因调控。在过去的几十年里，癌症的表观遗传变化已被认识并被广泛接受为恶性转化的重要贡献者。这种改变导致转录程序促进分子多样性，并通过肿瘤抑制基因沉默和异常癌基因激活为癌细胞提供选择性优势。表观遗传畸变的原因仍在积极研究中，至少包括与衰老相关的随机变化、表观遗传修饰酶的突变以及通过改变代谢物库而改变的细胞代谢。 FDA 已批准许多针对表观遗传修饰剂的疗法用于癌症治疗，还有许多其他疗法正在进行临床试验。正在进行的研究重点是更好地了解表观基因组改变的机制、表观基因组改变如何导致恶性转化，以及表观遗传疗法如何最好地应用于临床，最有可能从中受益的患者。
Epigenetic characteristics are heritable features, propagated through cell division, that contribute to cellular identity independent of DNA sequence. Such characteristics include DNA methylation, covalent histone modifications, and non-coding RNA-dependent gene regulation. Over the past few decades, epigenetic changes in cancer have become recognized and widely accepted as important contributors to malignant transformation. Such alterations result in a transcriptional program that promotes molecular diversity and provides a selective advantage to cancer cells through tumor suppressor gene silencing and aberrant oncogene activation. Causes of epigenetic aberrations remain under active investigation and include at least stochastic changes associated with aging, mutations in epigenetic modifying enzymes, and altered cellular metabolism through changing the metabolite repertoire. A number of therapies targeting epigenetic modifiers have been approved by the FDA for cancer treatment, and many others are in clinical trials. Ongoing research is focused on better understanding mechanisms contributing to the altered epigenome, how the altered epigenome contributes to malignant transformation, and how epigenetic therapies can be best applied clinically to patients most likely to benefit from them.