The varied roles of nuclear argonaute-small RNA complexes and avenues for therapy.

The varied roles of nuclear argonaute-small RNA complexes and avenues for therapy.
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核Argonaute-sal-sal-all RNA复合物和治疗途径的各种作用。

DOI:
10.1038/mtna.2014.54
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发表时间:
2014-10-14
期刊:
Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids
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Argonautes 是高度保守的蛋白质,存在于几乎所有真核生物以及一些细菌和古细菌中。在人类中,有八种 argonaute 蛋白均匀分布在两个进化枝上,即 Ago 进化枝 (AGO1-4) 和 Piwi 进化枝 (PIWIL1-4)。 Ago 蛋白的功能最能体现其在 RNA 干扰 (RNAi) 和细胞质转录后基因沉默 (PTGS) 中的作用,其中涉及将 siRNA 或 miRNA 加载到 argonaute 中,以在转录后或翻译水平直接沉默基因。然而,与细胞质相反,核定位的argonute-小RNA复合物也可能协调机制上非常不同的转录基因沉默过程,从而通过形成沉默染色质域来阻止基因座的转录。最近,argonute 在染色质表观遗传调控、选择性剪接和 DNA 修复等其他方面的作用逐渐显现。本综述重点关注哺乳动物环境中核定位的短 RNA-argonute 复合物的活性,并讨论了最近利用核定向 sRNA 进行治疗干预的体内研究。这些研究关注了基于 RNA 的药物的潜在开发,这些药物可诱导细胞中的表观遗传变化。
Argonautes are highly conserved proteins found in almost all eukaryotes and some bacteria and archaea. In humans, there are eight argonaute proteins evenly distributed across two clades, the Ago clade (AGO1-4) and the Piwi clade (PIWIL1-4). The function of Ago proteins is best characterized by their role in RNA interference (RNAi) and cytoplasmic post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) – which involves the loading of siRNA or miRNA into argonaute to direct silencing of genes at the posttranscriptional or translational level. However, nuclear-localized, as opposed to cytoplasmic, argonaute-small RNA complexes may also orchestrate the mechanistically very different process of transcriptional gene silencing, which results in prevention of transcription from a gene locus by the formation of silent chromatin domains. More recently, the role of argonaute in other aspects of epigenetic regulation of chromatin, alternative splicing and DNA repair is emerging. This review focuses on the activity of nuclear-localized short RNA-argonaute complexes in a mammalian setting and discusses recent in vivo studies employing nuclear-directed sRNA for therapeutic interventions. These studies heed the potential development of RNA-based drugs which induce epigenetic changes in the cell.
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