Patterns of anterior cingulate activation in schizophrenia: a selective review.
Patterns of anterior cingulate activation in schizophrenia: a selective review.
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DOI：
10.2147/nedt.2007.3.1.87
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发表时间：
2007-02
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
David AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams R;David AS
前扣带皮层（ACC）功能障碍与精神分裂症有许多科学研究。精神分裂症患者ACC的功能性神经影像学研究显示，与对照受试者相比，ACC存在与任务相关的低激活、高激活和正常激活。由于我们对健康的前扣带回功能的无知，解释这些结果和解释它们的不一致性受到了阻碍。本文旨在阐明ACC在精神分裂症中激活的部位和程度，以及其变异的来源。分析了48项使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）对精神分裂症患者记忆和执行任务相关激活的研究。精神分裂症患者的异常激活并不局限于ACC的“认知”部分。激活减退是最常见的，并且在所有类型的任务中都能发现。当发现过度活跃时，主要是在n-back任务中。低激活不能解释为表现不佳，更苛刻的控制条件或慢性疾病。服用抗精神病药物的患者倾向于表现出更大的ACC激活和更好的表现，尽管这是否直接归因于他们的药物或由此导致的症状减轻尚不清楚。ACC rCBF和任务绩效之间的关系并不简单。未来的研究应更好地控制混杂因素，并纳入不同的难度水平。
Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) dysfunction is implicated in schizophrenia by numerous strands of scientific investigation. Functional neuroimaging studies of the ACC in schizophrenia have shown task-related hypo-activation, hyper-activation, and normal activation relative to comparison subjects. Interpreting these results and explaining their inconsistencies has been hindered by our ignorance of the healthy ACC’s function. This review aims to clarify the site and magnitude of ACC activations in schizophrenia, and sources of their variation. 48 studies of mnemonic and executive task-related activations in schizophrenia using both positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were analyzed. Abnormal activations in schizophrenia were not restricted to the “cognitive” part of the ACC. Hypoactivations were most common, and were found in all types of tasks. Hyperac-tivations when found, were largely in n-back tasks. Hypoactivations cannot be explained by poor performance, more demanding control conditions or chronicity of illness alone. Patients on anti-psychotic medication tended to show both greater ACC activation and better performance, although whether this is directly due to their medication or the resultant reduction in symptoms is unclear. The relationship between ACC rCBF and task performance is not straightforward. Future research should better control confounding factors and incorporate different levels of difficulty.