A Deep Look into Designing a Task and Coding Scheme through the Lens of Causal Mechanistic Reasoning

A Deep Look into Designing a Task and Coding Scheme through the Lens of Causal Mechanistic Reasoning
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从因果机制推理的角度深入探讨任务设计和编码方案

DOI:
10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00959
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Cooper, Melanie M.
Cooper, Melanie M.
中科院分区:
化学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Noyes, Keenan;Carlson, Clare G.;Stoltzfus, Jon R.;Schwarz, Christina V.;Long, Tammy M.;Cooper, Melanie M.

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本文的目的是分享我们用来设计一个引出因果机制推理的任务的迭代过程,以及如何分析随后的学生反应。在这项任务中,我们的目标是在获取尽可能多的学生知识的同时,不提供太多的结构,以免答案变得显而易见。任务开发采用(1)学习资源视角,(2)脚手架原则,(3)以证据为中心的设计,为此我们指定了可以被认为是完全因果机制解释的证据。也就是说,一种明确关注实体的属性、相互作用和行为的解释,这些实体是在考虑的现象之下的标量水平上涉及的。由于我们的最终目标是描述学生如何跨越学科界限使用知识,因此选择蛋白质-配体结合现象作为本任务的背景,因为它要求学生将化学课程中学到的思想应用于生物现象。经过三轮迭代细化,最终的任务被开发出来。为了描述学生对这项任务的反应,我们开发了一个编码方案,可用于根据与此现象相关的三个关键思想的存在与否来编码解释。在本文中,我们分享了任务开发中使用的详细过程和方法,我们希望这将为教师和研究人员提供洞察力,因为他们也开发了这样的任务来探索学生的推理。
The purpose of this paper is to share the iterative process we used to design a task that elicits causal mechanistic reasoning and how the subsequent student responses can be analyzed. Our goal in this task is to strike a balance between eliciting as much student knowledge as possible without providing so much structure that the answer becomes obvious. The task development was approached using (1) a resources perspective of learning, (2) principles of scaffolding, and (3) evidence-centered design, for which we specified evidence that would be considered a fully causal mechanistic explanation. That is, an explanation which pays explicit attention to the properties, interactions, and behaviors of entities that are involved at a scalar level below the phenomenon under consideration. Since our eventual goal is to characterize how students use knowledge across disciplinary boundaries, the phenomenon of protein–ligand binding was chosen as the context for this task, because it requires students to apply ideas learned in chemistry courses to a biological phenomenon. After three rounds of iterative refinement, a final task was developed. To characterize students’ responses to this task, we developed a coding scheme which can be used to code explanations based on the presence or absence of three key ideas relevant to this phenomenon. In this paper, we share the detailed processes and approaches used in task development, which we hope will provide insight into instructors and researchers as they, too, develop such tasks to explore student reasoning.
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