Impacts of climate change on multiple use management of Bureau of Land Management land in the Intermountain West, USA
Impacts of climate change on multiple use management of Bureau of Land Management land in the Intermountain West, USA
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DOI：
10.1002/ecs2.3286
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Smith, Jordan W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brice, Elaine M.;Miller, Brett A.;Smith, Jordan W.
尽管自然资源管理者关注气候变化，但许多管理者无法将气候变化科学充分纳入其适应战略或管理计划，而且并不总是意识到或不总是使用最新的科学知识。美国最著名的自然资源管理机构之一是土地管理局(BLM)，它的任务是管理超过2.48亿英亩(100万公里)的公共土地，用于多种用途，而且往往是相互冲突的。气候变化将影响其中许多土地使用的可持续性，并可能进一步增加它们之间的冲突。因此，我们研究的目的是确定气候变化将在多大程度上影响公共土地使用，以及BLM是否正在管理这种预期的影响。为此，我们首先对同行评议的文献进行了系统的回顾，这些文献讨论了气候变化对BLM在美国西部山区管理的多种土地用途的潜在影响，然后通过对预测的植被变化的综合来扩展这些结果。最后，我们对BLM资源管理计划进行了内容分析，以确定BLM管理者如何明确应对气候变化，以及此类计划是否反映了科学文献所预测的变化。我们发现，活跃的资源利用通常会威胁到BLM土地的保护和生态系统服务等内在价值，而气候变化预计会以多种方式加剧这些威胁。此外，我们的综合植被模型表明，由于气候变化，植被发生了实质性变化。然而，BLM计划很少明确提到气候变化，也没有反映文献审查或植被模型合成的结果。我们的研究结果表明，BLM土地的管理与有关气候变化的最好科学之间存在脱节。我们建议土地管理局积极将这类研究纳入实地管理计划和活动，并建议研究气候变化影响的研究人员作出更有力的努力，了解公共土地管理的做法和政策，以便有效地宣传其研究结果的管理意义。
Although natural resource managers are concerned about climate change, many are unable to adequately incorporate climate change science into their adaptation strategies or management plans, and are not always aware of or do not always employ the most current scientific knowledge. One of the most prominent natural resource management agencies in the United States is the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), which is tasked with managing over 248 million acres (>1 million km(2)) of public lands for multiple, often conflicting, uses. Climate change will affect the sustainability of many of these land uses and could further increase conflicts between them. As such, the purpose of our study was to determine the extent to which climate change will affect public land uses, and whether the BLM is managing for such predicted effects. To do so, we first conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature that discussed potential impacts of climate change on the multiple land uses the BLM manages in the Intermountain West, USA, and then expanded these results with a synthesis of projected vegetation changes. Finally, we conducted a content analysis of BLM Resource Management Plans in order to determine how climate change is explicitly addressed by BLM managers, and whether such plans reflect changes predicted by the scientific literature. We found that active resource use generally threatens intrinsic values such as conservation and ecosystem services on BLM land, and climate change is expected to exacerbate these threats in numerous ways. Additionally, our synthesis of vegetation modeling suggests substantial changes in vegetation due to climate change. However, BLM plans rarely referred to climate change explicitly and did not reflect the results of the literature review or vegetation model synthesis. Our results suggest there is a disconnect between management of BLM lands and the best available science on climate change. We recommend that the BLM actively integrates such research into on-the-ground management plans and activities, and that researchers studying the effects of climate change make a more robust effort to understand the practices and policies of public land management in order to effectively communicate the management significance of their findings.