Pre-pregnancy drinking: how drink size affects risk assessment
Pre-pregnancy drinking: how drink size affects risk assessment
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.968119912.x
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Graves, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaskutas, LA;Graves, K
目标。我们考虑了饮酒量在决定胎儿酒精综合征高危人群平均每日饮酒量中的作用。设计。长达一小时的面对面采访收集了指标怀孕前饮酒的横断面回顾数据。设置。受试者是在洛杉矶和旧金山湾区的公共诊所招募的。为了帮助那些不一定寻求产前护理的人，在相同的城市地区开展了社区外联活动。与会者。321名孕妇接受了采访：美洲原住民102人，非裔美国人185人，高加索人34人。尺寸。怀孕前的饮酒量是使用分级频率序列进行评估的，该序列要求受访者以标准饮酒量的形式说明他们的饮酒量。使用血管模型和照片，然后确定受试者定义的饮料大小，并相应地重新计算体积。调查结果。就大部分饮品而言，自选饮品与标准饮品之间的毫升分量差异显著，自选饮品的平均分量介乎超标49%(啤酒)至超标307%(烈酒)。对于怀孕前平均每日饮酒量(ADV)大于或等于每天1标准饮料量的女性，当考虑自定义饮料大小时，ADV从每天4标准饮料量增加到近10标准饮料量。同样，对于每天喝三种或更多标准饮料的女性，她们每天的乙醇剂量从57克增加到153克。结论。如果风险水平是基于低估，假设患有酒精影响的婴儿的女性有标准的饮酒量，那么真正的风险水平可能比之前认为的要高。与此相关的是，如果筛查协议不询问饮酒量，产前诊所出现的风险饮酒者可能会被错过。
Aims. We considered the role of drink size in determining average daily consumption among groups at risk for Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Design. In-person hour-long interviews gathered cross-sectional retrospective data about drinking before an index pregnancy. Setting. Subjects were recruited at public clinics in Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay area. To reach those not necessarily seeking prenatal care, community outreach in the same urban areas was undertaken. Participants. Three hundred and twenty-one pregnant women were interviewed: 102 Native Americans, 185 African Americans, and 34 Caucasians. Measurements. Volume of drinking prior to pregnancy was assessed using the graduated frequency series, which asks respondents to specify their drinking in terms of standard drinks. Using vessel models and photographs, respondent-defined drink sizes were then determined, and volume was recalculated accordingly. Findings. For most beverages, the difference in milliliters between self-selected drink size and a standard size drink was significant, with the mean self-selected drink sizes ranging from 49% above the standard size (for beer) to 307% above the standard size (for spirits). For women whose pre-pregnancy average daily volume (ADV) was at the risk level of greater than or equal to1 standard drink per day, ADV increased from four to almost 10 standard drinks per day when self-defined drink sizes were instead considered. Similarly, for women having three or more standard drinks a day, their daily dose of ethanol increased from 57 g to 153 g of ethanol per day. Conclusions. If risk levels have been based on underestimates that assume women with alcohol-affected infants had standard drink sizes, then true risk levels may be higher than previously thought. Related, risk drinkers presenting at prenatal clinics may be missed if screening protocols do not ask about drink size.