Long-period comets as a tracer of the Oort cloud structure

Long-period comets as a tracer of the Oort cloud structure
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长周期彗星作为奥尔特云结构的示踪剂

DOI:
10.1007/s10569-020-09978-0
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
1.6
通讯作者:
Higuchi Arika
Higuchi Arika
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fouchard Marc;Emel’yanenko Vacheslav;Higuchi Arika

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先前的一项研究表明,在“新的”长周期彗星的通量中可以检测到合成奥尔特云初始形状的指纹。本研究的目的是详细解释这样的指纹是如何传播不同类别的可观测彗星,以提高指纹的检测。可观测彗星的三种主要长期行为与这种传播有关:(1)在整个时间跨度内保持冻结状态的彗星,只有在其传播的最后阶段,其轨道能量增加,才能被观测到;(2)近日点距离几乎完成银河系周期的彗星,升交点银经和银倾角余弦几乎保持不变;(3)其近日点距离和银河系倾角的余弦完成一个完整的银河系周期的彗星,而它们的升交点的银河经度执行半个周期。这项调查使我们能够定义四个不同的区域为以前的近日点距离,其中一个或两个以上的长期行为占主导地位。考虑到黄道倾角的余弦分布和升交点的银河经度在前一个近日点距离,对于不同的区域,突出了初始盘形状的几个指纹。这种指纹似乎是相当稳健的,因为考虑到重建的轨道要素,在只考虑银河潮汐的情况下,在一个轨道周期内反向传播后从原始轨道获得的元素。
A previous study showed that a fingerprint of the initial shape of synthetic Oort clouds was detectable in the flux of “new” long-period comets. The present study aims to explain in detail how such a fingerprint is propagated by different classes of observable comets to improve the detection of fingerprints. It appears that three main long-term behaviors of observable comets are involved in this propagation: (1) comets that remain frozen during the entire time span and become observable only because of an increase in their orbital energy at the very end of their propagation; (2) comets whose perihelion distance performs an almost complete galactic cycle, while their galactic longitude of the ascending node and cosine of the galactic inclination remain almost constant; (3) comets whose perihelion distance and cosine of the galactic inclination perform a full galactic cycle, while their galactic longitude of the ascending node performs a half a cycle. This investigation allowed us to define four different zones for the previous perihelion distance, in which one or two of the above long-term behaviors dominate. Considering the distribution of the cosine of the ecliptic inclination and the galactic longitude of the ascending node at the previous perihelion distance, for the different zones, several fingerprints of the initial disk shape were highlighted. Such fingerprints appeared to be quite robust since they were still present considering the reconstructed orbital elements, i.e., the elements obtained from the original orbit after a backward propagation over one orbital period considering only the galactic tides.
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