Integrating structure and function: mapping the hierarchical spatial heterogeneity of urban landscapes
Integrating structure and function: mapping the hierarchical spatial heterogeneity of urban landscapes
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整合结构和功能：绘制城市景观的层次空间异质性
DOI：
10.1186/s13717-020-00266-1
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发表时间：
2020-10-27
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Jing, Chuanbao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qian, Yuguo;Zhou, Weiqi;Jing, Chuanbao
城市是一个具有高度时空异质性的社会生态系统，与城市问题密切相关。然而，缺乏绘制和量化这种异质性的工具。我们在这里开发了一个新的三级分类方案，通过考虑生态系统类型（1级）、城市功能区（2级）和土地覆盖要素（3级），来绘制和量化城市景观的层次空间异质性。方法我们使用基于对象的方法应用该方案，使用非常高的空间分辨率图像和建筑物位置和特征的矢量层进行分类。采用自上而下的分类方法，按照生态系统类型、功能区和土地覆盖要素的顺序进行分类。较低级别的分类是基于较高级别的结果。我们使用了基于对象的方法进行三级classification.ResultsWe发现，城市生态系统类型占45.3%的土地在深圳市行政边界内。在城市生态系统类型中，居住区和工业区是主要的区域，分别占38.4%和33.8%。深圳市森林生态系统类型以乔木层为主，占55.6%。而在城市生态系统类型中，由于大部分树木分布在森林生态系统类型中，因此树木冠层所占比例仅为22.6%。工业区的树木比例为23.2%，高于居住区2.2%。信息“隐藏”在通常的统计摘要缩放到整个行政单位的深圳有很大的潜力，为提高城市管理。ConclusionsThis本文采取了城市空间异质性的理论认识，并用它来生成一个分类方案，利用遥感图像，基础设施数据，在市级，和基于对象的空间分析。为了进行有效的规划和管理，景观分类的层次（第一级）、城市区域的使用和覆盖分析（第二级）以及土地覆盖的基本要素（第三级），每一个都暴露了与城市规划和管理有关的不同方面。
BackgroundCities are social-ecological systems characterized by remarkably high spatial and temporal heterogeneity, which are closely related to myriad urban problems. However, the tools to map and quantify this heterogeneity are lacking. We here developed a new three-level classification scheme, by considering ecosystem types (level 1), urban function zones (level 2), and land cover elements (level 3), to map and quantify the hierarchical spatial heterogeneity of urban landscapes.MethodsWe applied the scheme using an object-based approach for classification using very high spatial resolution imagery and a vector layer of building location and characteristics. We used a top-down classification procedure by conducting the classification in the order of ecosystem types, function zones, and land cover elements. The classification of the lower level was based on the results of the higher level. We used an object-based methodology to carry out the three-level classification.ResultsWe found that the urban ecosystem type accounted for 45.3% of the land within the Shenzhen city administrative boundary. Within the urban ecosystem type, residential and industrial zones were the main zones, accounting for 38.4% and 33.8%, respectively. Tree canopy was the dominant element in Shenzhen city, accounting for 55.6% over all ecosystem types, which includes agricultural and forest. However, in the urban ecosystem type, the proportion of tree canopy was only 22.6% because most trees were distributed in the forest ecosystem type. The proportion of trees was 23.2% in industrial zones, 2.2% higher than that in residential zones. That information “hidden” in the usual statistical summaries scaled to the entire administrative unit of Shenzhen has great potential for improving urban management.ConclusionsThis paper has taken the theoretical understanding of urban spatial heterogeneity and used it to generate a classification scheme that exploits remotely sensed imagery, infrastructural data available at a municipal level, and object-based spatial analysis. For effective planning and management, the hierarchical levels of landscape classification (level 1), the analysis of use and cover by urban zones (level 2), and the fundamental elements of land cover (level 3), each exposes different respects relevant to city plans and management.