Evidence for genetic isolation and local adaptation in the field cricket Gryllus campestris
Evidence for genetic isolation and local adaptation in the field cricket Gryllus campestris
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/jeb.13911
复制
发表时间：
2021-08-20
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Bilde，Trine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tregenza，Tom;Rodriguez-Munoz，Rolando;Bilde，Trine
了解物种如何在一系列环境中茁壮成长是进化生态学的核心挑战。有强有力的证据表明，昆虫在大规模的生态倾斜中具有沿着的局部适应性。然而，潜在的适应在其环境不同的邻近人群之间的研究少得多。我们使用RAD测序量化的遗传分歧和聚类的十个人口的领域cricketGryllus campestrisin的坎塔布里亚山脉的北方西班牙，和外群内陆平原。我们的种群被选择来代表复制的高海拔和低海拔栖息地。我们确定了遗传簇，包括高海拔和低海拔人群，表明这两种栖息地类型不持有祖先不同的血统。使用普通花园饲养实验来消除环境影响，我们发现了高海拔和低海拔人群在生理和生活史特征方面存在差异的证据。正如当地的适应假说所预测的那样，蟋蟀的父母从凉爽（高海拔）的人口比那些父母从温暖（低海拔）的人口更快地从极端冷却时期恢复。高海拔和低海拔种群后代的生长率也不同。然而，与我们的预测相反，来自高海拔的蟋蟀会生长得更快，最显著的区别是，在高温下，来自低海拔的个体生长得最快。我们的研究结果表明，相隔几十公里的种群已经独立地进化出了对环境的适应。这表明，即使在移动的无脊椎动物中，一系列特征的局部适应也可能是普遍的，这些无脊椎动物的分布规模很小。产于西班牙北方山区的一种野油菜。我们比较了实验室饲养的后代从高原和低地人口揭示遗传分化和证据的地方适应海拔。
Understanding how species can thrive in a range of environments is a central challenge for evolutionary ecology. There is strong evidence for local adaptation along large‐scale ecological clines in insects. However, potential adaptation among neighbouring populations differing in their environment has been studied much less. We used RAD sequencing to quantify genetic divergence and clustering of ten populations of the field cricketGryllus campestrisin the Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain, and an outgroup on the inland plain. Our populations were chosen to represent replicate high and low altitude habitats. We identified genetic clusters that include both high and low altitude populations indicating that the two habitat types do not hold ancestrally distinct lineages. Using common‐garden rearing experiments to remove environmental effects, we found evidence for differences between high and low altitude populations in physiological and life‐history traits. As predicted by the local adaptation hypothesis, crickets with parents from cooler (high altitude) populations recovered from periods of extreme cooling more rapidly than those with parents from warmer (low altitude) populations. Growth rates also differed between offspring from high and low altitude populations. However, contrary to our prediction that crickets from high altitudes would grow faster, the most striking difference was that at high temperatures, growth was fastest in individuals from low altitudes. Our findings reveal that populations a few tens of kilometres apart have independently evolved adaptations to their environment. This suggests that local adaptation in a range of traits may be commonplace even in mobile invertebrates at scales of a small fraction of species' distributions.AbstractCollecting crickets (G. campestris) in the mountains of Northern Spain. We compared laboratory reared offspring from highland and lowland populations revealing genetic differentiation and evidence for local adaptation to altitude.