MOLECULAR QUADRUPOLE MOMENTS
MOLECULAR QUADRUPOLE MOMENTS
复制标题
DOI：
10.1039/qr9591300183
复制
发表时间：
1959-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
BUCKINGHAM, AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BUCKINGHAM, AD
导言-任何电荷系统都与一组电多极矩(电荷、偶极、四极、八极……)相关联。2“-杆子...)。在电荷分布之外的任何点上的电场的势，以及由电荷分布引起的电场的势，简单地与这些力矩有关，系统与外场相互作用的能量也是如此。多极矩已被证明在研究分子间力的性质方面很有用，因此有助于了解不完美气体、液体和固体的性质。从结构的角度来看，测量分子的偶极和四极矩也是非常重要的。偶极矩的解释是众所周知的(例如，参见德拜、L·史密斯、2 Le F I~Re和Smith的著作4以及萨顿在《布劳德和纳乔德》中的章节5)。同样，分子四极矩可以得到重要的结构信息；因此，正如没有偶极必然意味着C02是线性分子一样，没有四极必然意味着CHI是四面体；此外，就像知道H20的偶极矩是1.84 x esu(Le.，1.84 D)导致分子中电荷分布的结论一样，C02(-3 x esu)的四极矩也能告诉我们许多关于这个分子中C-0键的信息。
Introduction.-Any system of electric charges has associated with it a set of electric multipole moments (charge, dipole, quadrupole, octopole... 2”-pole...). The potential of the electric field at any point outside the distribution of charges, and arising from it, is simply related to these moments, and so is the energy of interaction of the system with an external field. Multipole moments have proved useful in investigations into the nature of intermolecular forces and have therefore helped in the search for an understanding of the properties of imperfect gases, liquids, and solids. Measurements of the dipole and quadrupole moments of molecules are also very important from the structural point of view. The interpretation of dipole moments is well known (see, for example, the books by Debye, l Smyth, 2 Le F i~ re,~ and Smith, 4 and the chapter by Sutton in Braude and Nachod5). Similarly, molecular quadrupole moments can lead to important structural information; thus, just as the absence of a dipole must mean that C02 is a linear molecule, so the absence of a quadrupole must mean that CHI is tetrahedral; also, just as the knowledge that the dipole moment of H20 is 1.84 x esu (Le., 1.84 D) leads to conclusions about the charge distribution in the molecule, so too does the quadrupole moment of C02 (-3 x esu) tell us much about the C-0 bonds in this molecule.