The wooden foundations of Rialto Bridge (Ponte di Rialto) in Venice: Technological characterisation and dating
The wooden foundations of Rialto Bridge (Ponte di Rialto) in Venice: Technological characterisation and dating
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DOI：
10.1016/j.culher.2018.07.015
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Calcagnile, Lucio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernabei, Mauro;Macchioni, Nicola;Calcagnile, Lucio
对横跨意大利威尼斯大运河的四座桥梁中最古老、最著名的里亚托桥（Ponte di Rialto Bridge）的木基础进行了分析，以确定用于建造基础的树种，检查木材的现代物理和机械性能，并确定施工期。对地质技术调查期间回收的材料进行了微观形态、物理、化学和机械分析。放射性碳法被用来测定年代。桥的基础的基脚，主要由桤木木材组成，被证明是在良好的整体状况一般。木材横截面的正常和偏振光图像的比较显示，丰富的结晶纤维素细胞壁内，表明状态的保存浸水样品是非常接近的声音桤木木材。只有一个桤木样本显示出严重的细菌攻击的迹象，主要集中在纤维细胞壁。放射性碳年代测定确定了两个不同的建造时期。一个样本可以追溯到公元1570 +/- 85年，而另一个可以追溯到公元960 +/- 59年。后来的日期对应于今天仍然存在的石桥的建设。较早的时期，大约在公元1000年，可能是指第一座桥的基础，在几座浮桥之后建造，与最初的Ponte della莫内塔相对应。(C)2018 Elsevier Masson SAS。All rights reserved.
The wooden foundations of Ponte di Rialto (Rialto Bridge), the oldest and most famous of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal in Venice, Italy, were analysed in order to determine the tree species used to construct the foundation, to examine the timber's present-day physical and mechanical properties and to identify construction periods. The material recovered during geotechnical surveys underwent micro-morphological, physical, chemical and mechanical analyses. The radiocarbon method was used for dating purposes. The footings of the bridge's foundations, mostly consisting of alder wood, were shown to be in good overall condition generally. A comparison of normal and polarised light images of wooden cross-sections showed abundant crystalline cellulose within the cell walls, indicating that the state of conservation of the waterlogged samples is very close to that of sound alder wood. Only one alder sample showed signs of severe bacterial attack, mostly concentrated in the fibre cell walls. Radiocarbon dating identified two distinct construction periods. One sample dates to 1570 AD +/- 85, whilst another dates to the year 960 AD +/- 59. The later dating corresponds to the construction of the stone bridge that still exists today. The earlier period, around the year 1000, likely refers to the foundations of the first bridge, built after several pontoon bridges, and corresponding to the initial Ponte della Moneta. (C) 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.