The power of consensus: Developing a community voice in land use planning and tourism development in biodiversity hotspots
The power of consensus: Developing a community voice in land use planning and tourism development in biodiversity hotspots
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.02.008
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发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Sanderson, Claire E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alexander, K. A.;Ramotadima, M.;Sanderson, Claire E.
在自然资源丰富的地区，自然旅游快速发展。这种发展形式被认为是当地社区的重要经济机会，但可能通过快速的景观转变影响生态系统服务，威胁社区最贫困阶层的生计。虽然人们普遍认为社区应该参与规划过程，但社区和家庭层面的景观依赖性和优先级的变化可能会产生难以融入土地规划过程的支离破碎的观点。权力结构和特殊利益可能会颠覆社区层面的参与过程和投入。在博茨瓦纳北部乔贝区，乔贝国家公园周围的旅游业和其他相关发展迅速，在某些情况下对进入重要自然资源区域造成了障碍。我们评估社区景观依赖性和参与性方法来制定包容性土地利用地图。来自住户调查的土地利用依赖性空间信息被用来构成村级重复参与式制图练习的基础（n = 179 户，6 个村庄）。这些活动是通过传统的领导结构进行的。景观依赖性在自然资源和农业领域的研究村庄中普遍存在。对家庭数据的聚类和 CART 分析确定了研究村庄之间和内部景观依赖性的重要差异。捕鱼是预测户主性别的最重要因素，男性户主家庭更频繁地使用这种资源。这些家庭咨询的空间数据被用来创建地图草稿，并通过参与式地图构建活动反复完善，直到得到社区成员及其村里的传统领导人的最终批准。传统领导层的大规模协商和参与限制了权力结构控制进程和/或颠覆社区中更弱势成员利益的能力。测绘成果后来成功用于土地规划练习和咨询。在有利可图的旅游企业和土地分配在竞争中满足社区中更脆弱且往往无发言权的群体的需求之前，应就景观依赖性达成包容性的社区共识。 (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
In regions rich in natural resources, nature-based tourism is advancing rapidly. This form of development is identified as an important economic opportunity for local communities but can impact ecosystem services through rapid landscape transformation, threatening the livelihoods of the most impoverished sectors of a community. While it is accepted that communities should participate in the planning process, variation in community and household-level landscape dependencies and priorities can create a fractured viewpoint that is difficult to integrate into the land planning process. Power structures and special interests can subvert participatory processes and input at the community level. In the Chobe District, Northern Botswana, tourism, and other related developments had occurred at a rapid pace around the Chobe National Park creating access barriers, in some instances, to essential natural resource areas. We evaluate community landscape dependencies and participatory approaches to the development of inclusive land use maps. Spatial information on land use dependencies from household surveys were used to form the bases of reiterative village-level participatory mapping exercises (n = 179 households, six villages). The activities were conducted through traditional leadership structures. Landscape dependencies were widespread across study villages in both natural resource and agricultural sectors. Cluster and CART analysis of household data identified important variation in landscape dependencies between and within study villages. Fishing was the most important factor predicting gender of headship with male-headed households using this resource more frequently. Spatial data from these household consultations were used to create a draft map that was reiteratively refined through participatory map building exercises until final approval was provided by community members and their traditional leaders in a village. Scaled consultations and involvement of the traditional leadership limited the ability of power structures to control the process and/or subvert the interests of more vulnerable members of a community. Mapping outputs were later successfully used in land planning exercises and consultations. Development of inclusive community consensus on landscape dependencies should be undertaken before lucrative tourism ventures and land allocations are advanced in competition to the needs of more vulnerable and often voiceless sectors of a community. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.