ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION AND AREAL DIFFERENTIATION OF LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES IN THE SMALLHOLDER COFFEE PRODUCTION AREA OF THE ARUMERU DISTRICT, TANZANIA
ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION AND AREAL DIFFERENTIATION OF LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES IN THE SMALLHOLDER COFFEE PRODUCTION AREA OF THE ARUMERU DISTRICT, TANZANIA
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DOI：
10.14989/68491
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发表时间：
2007-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gen Ueda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gen Ueda
地理是宏观经济政策对当地农村生计影响的一个重要而复杂的中介因素。位于坦桑尼亚东北部的Arumeru咖啡生产区的小农户在不断变化的宏观经济条件下采取了不同的生计战略，以便在区域系统中生存。市场自由化后，这些农民大量退出咖啡生产;这在前生产中心最为明显。所采取的替代生计战略和抽样农村家庭的净收入水平取决于地理位置、当地环境和区域系统，其中包括自由化所振兴的城市经济。例如，自由化措施对该地区不同地区采矿和旅游等各种活动的跨部门影响刺激了园艺和乳制品生产。这两种农业活动在同一系统内根据灌溉的可用性和运输的相对便利性表现出空间差异。因此，从咖啡生产撤退的地理发生率和可能的和/或采取的生计战略并不一致，非农业化的程度在总体上是不显著的，在经济上是分层的。关键词：咖啡;咖啡地域分异;咖啡分层;咖啡非农业化;坦桑尼亚咖啡。
Geography is an important and complex mediating factor of the impact of macroeconomic policies on local rural livelihoods. Smallholders in the Arumeru coffee production area, located in northeastern Tanzania, have adopted different livelihood strategies to survive within the regional system under changing macroeconomic conditions. After the liberalization of the market, these farmers substantially retreated from coffee production; this has been most pronounced in the former production center. The alternative livelihood strategies that have been adopted and the net income levels of the sample rural households depend on the location, local environment, and regional system that includes the urban economy vitalized by the liberalization. For instance, horticulture and dairy production have been stimulated by the crosssectoral impacts of the liberalization measures on various activities, including mining and tourism, in different areas of the region. These two agricultural activities exhibit spatial variation within the same system according to the availability of irrigation and the relative ease of transport. Therefore, the geographical incidences of the retreat from coffee production and the possible and/or adopted livelihood strategies are not uniform, and the extent of deagrarianizationhasbeen,onthewhole,notsignificant,andeconomicallystratified. KeyWords:Coffee;Arealdifferentiation;Stratification;De-agrarianization;Tanzania.