Anaerobic culture to detect periodontal and caries pathogens.
Anaerobic culture to detect periodontal and caries pathogens.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.job.2014.08.001
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发表时间：
2015-02
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Tanner AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanner AC
厌氧培养对我们理解口腔微生物菌群至关重要。20世纪70年代晚期牙周炎的研究揭示了与不同临床表现相关的微生物复合体。分类学研究确定了牙周炎中新观察到的菌种为伴放线放线菌聚集菌（Actinobacillus）、直弯曲杆菌（Wolinella）和其他弯曲杆菌属菌种，以及坦纳氏菌（拟杆菌）。初始牙周炎的厌氧培养显示出与牙龈炎的微生物群重叠，并添加了嗜氧月形单胞菌和非嗜酸Filifactoralocis作为假定的牙周病原体。牙龈卟啉单胞菌和T.牙周炎与成人的初始牙周炎有关。龋齿的优势微生物群不同于牙周炎。主要的致龋菌种是产酸和耐酸菌种，特别是变形链球菌、乳杆菌和双歧杆菌菌种。严重幼儿龋齿的厌氧培养揭示了广泛多样的微生物群，与使用克隆和测序观察到的微生物群相当。然而，与培养相比，基于PCR的克隆方法低估了放线菌。只有一部分龋齿相关的微生物群是耐酸性的，与低pH酸性琼脂相比，血琼脂上培养的微生物群的不同部分。龋病的主要伴生种为S.变形链球菌是一个新的物种，Scardovia wiggsiae，与儿童早期龋齿显著相关。更高的S。在青少年的初始白色斑点龋损中也观察到wiggsiae。在牙周炎和龋齿中，晚期疾病的厌氧培养研究提供了对这些感染的微生物群的全面分析。厌氧培养强调了PCR的局限性，标准引物低估了放线菌的检测。
Anaerobic culture has been critical in our understanding of the oral microbiotas. Studies in advanced periodontitis in the 1970’s revealed microbial complexes that associated with different clinical presentations. Taxonomy studies identified species newly-observed in periodontitis as Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter (Wolinella) rectus and other Campylobacter species, and Tannerella (Bacteroides) forsythia. Anaerobic culture of initial periodontitis showed overlap in the microbiota with gingivitis, and added Selenomonas noxia and Filifactor alocis as putative periodontal pathogens. Porphyromonas gingivalis and T. forsythia were found to be associated with initial periodontitis in adults. The dominant microbiota of dental caries differs from that of periodontitis. The major cariogenic species are acidogenic and acid tolerant species particularly Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. Anaerobic culture of severe early childhood caries revealed a widely diverse microbiota, comparable to that observed using cloning and sequencing. The PCR-based cloning approach, however, underestimated Actinobacteria compared with culture. Only a subset of the caries-associated microbiota was acid tolerant, with different segments of the microbiota cultured on blood agar compared to a low pH acid agar. While the major caries-associated species was S. mutans, a new species, Scardovia wiggsiae, was significantly associated with early childhood caries. Higher counts of S. wiggsiae were also observed in initial white spot carious lesions in adolescents. In periodontitis and dental caries, anaerobic culture studies of advanced disease provided a comprehensive analysis of the microbiota of these infections. Anaerobic culture highlighted the limitation of PCR with standard primers that underestimate detection of Actinobacteria.