Ancient paddy soils from the Neolithic age in China's Yangtze River Delta
Ancient paddy soils from the Neolithic age in China's Yangtze River Delta
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DOI：
10.1007/s00114-006-0083-4
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dong, Y. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cao, Z. H.;Ding, J. L.;Dong, Y. H.
确定史前灌溉稻田和表征水稻土发展的开始对于更好地了解人类发展和农业历史非常重要。2003年，在中国苏州附近的长江三角洲的绰墩山，挖掘了埋在100-130厘米深的水稻土和灌溉稻田。大小在1.4和16米（2）之间的田地被山脊包围，山脊通过出口连接到沟渠/池塘，以控制田地内的水位。发现了许多碳化和部分碳化的米粒，其年龄为公元前3，903年（测得C-14年龄为5，129 +/- 45 a BP）。这些被掩埋的稻田表层土壤有机质含量高，水稻蛋白石的密度相当高。后者被鉴定为来自稻属（Oryza spp.）固态C-13核磁共振光谱显示，芳香碳（C）作为化石表层的主要有机碳形式。如果主要来源是烧过的稻米和稻草，这是可以预料的。总之，我们的数据与新的证据相一致，表明在中国，水稻土和灌溉水稻种植是在6,000多年前开始和发展的。
Identifying prehistoric irrigated rice fields and characterizing the beginning of paddy soil development are important for a better understanding of human development and agricultural history. In 2003, paddy soils and irrigated rice fields buried at a depth of 100-130 cm were excavated at Chuo-dun-shan in the Yangtze River Delta, close to Suzhou, China. The fields of sizes between 1.4 and 16 m(2) were surrounded with ridges that were connected to ditches/ponds via outlets to control the water level within the fields. Many carbonized and partly carbonized rice grains with an age of 3,903 B.C. (measured C-14 age 5,129 +/- 45 a BP) were recovered. The surface layers of these buried paddy fields showed a high content of soil organic matter and a considerable high density of rice opals. The latter were identified to derive from Oryza spp. Solid-state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed aromatic carbon (C) as the predominant organic C form in the fossil surface layer. This is expected, if the major source represents burnt rice and straw. In summary, our data are in agreement with new evidences indicating that in China, paddy soils and irrigated rice cultivation were initiated and developed more than 6,000 years ago.