The water footprint of cotton consumption: An assessment of the impact of worldwide consumption of cotton products on the water resources in the cotton producing countries
The water footprint of cotton consumption: An assessment of the impact of worldwide consumption of cotton products on the water resources in the cotton producing countries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.11.027
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Gautam, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapagain, A. K.;Hoekstra, A. Y.;Gautam, R.
在棉花种植和加工的国家，棉花产品的消费与对水资源的一系列影响有关。本文的目的是评估全球棉花消费的“水足迹”，确定影响的位置和特征。该研究区分了三种类型的影响：用于棉花生长的渗透雨水的蒸发（绿色水使用），用于灌溉或加工的地下水或地表水的抽取（蓝色水使用）以及生长或加工期间的水污染。后者的影响是量化的稀释体积吸收污染。研究表明，1997-2001年期间，全世界棉制品的消费每年需要256 Gm（3）的水，其中约42%为蓝水，39%为绿色水，19%为稀释水。影响通常是跨界的。欧盟25国棉花消费的水足迹约有84%位于欧洲以外，特别是在印度和乌兹别克斯坦。由于普遍缺乏适当的水定价机制或其他传递生产信息的方式，棉花消费者没有什么动力对偏远供水系统的影响承担责任。(c)2005 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
The consumption of a cotton product is connected to a chain of impacts on the water resources in the countries where cotton is grown and processed. The aim of this paper is to assess the 'water footprint' of worldwide cotton consumption, identifying both the location and the character of the impacts. The study distinguishes between three types of impact: evaporation of infiltrated rainwater for cotton growth (green water use), withdrawal of ground- or surface water for irrigation or processing (blue water use) and water pollution during growth or processing. The latter impact is quantified in terms of the dilution volume necessary to assimilate the pollution. For the period 1997-2001 the study shows that the worldwide consumption of cotton products requires 256 Gm(3) of water per year, out of which about 42% is blue water, 39% green water and 19% dilution water. impacts are typically cross-border. About 84% of the water footprint of cotton consumption in the EU25 region is located outside Europe, with major impacts particularly in India and Uzbekistan. Given the general lack of proper water pricing mechanisms or other ways of transmitting production-information, cotton consumers have little incentive to take responsibility for the impacts on remote water systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.