Odors Bias Time Perception in Visual and Auditory Modalities.
Odors Bias Time Perception in Visual and Auditory Modalities.
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视觉和听觉方式的气味偏差时间感知
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00535
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Wu J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yue Z;Gao T;Chen L;Wu J
以前的研究表明，情绪状态会改变我们对时间的感知。然而，注意力，这是由一些因素，如情绪事件，也影响时间知觉调制。为了排除与情绪事件相关的潜在注意力效应，使用各种类型的气味（诱导不同水平的情绪唤起）来探索嗅觉事件是否在视觉和听觉模式中不同地调制时间感知。参与者被展示一个视觉点或听到一个连续的音调1000或4000毫秒，而他们暴露在茉莉花，熏衣草或大蒜的气味。然后，受试者通过按空格键两次来再现先前视觉或听觉刺激的时间持续时间。将它们的再现持续时间与对照条件（无气味）下的再现持续时间进行比较。结果表明，参与者在熏衣草条件下产生的时间间隔明显长于茉莉花或大蒜条件。气味对时间知觉的整体影响是等效的视觉和听觉方式。交互效应分析表明，在短间隔条件下，被试的持续时间比实际持续时间长，而在长间隔条件下，被试的持续时间比实际持续时间短。听觉模态的效应量大于视觉模态的效应量。此外，通过比较实验的初始和最后阶段的表现，我们发现气味适应效应主要表现为较长的再现为较短的时间间隔后，在适应阶段，有一个较大的效应大小的听觉通道。综上所述，本研究结果表明，气味施加不同的影响再现的持续时间，他们受到不同的感官形式，情绪事件的效价，和目标持续时间。时间知觉的偏差可以用诱导物（气味）和情绪中性刺激（视觉点和声音哔哔声）之间的注意力部署框架来解释。
Previous studies have shown that emotional states alter our perception of time. However, attention, which is modulated by a number of factors, such as emotional events, also influences time perception. To exclude potential attentional effects associated with emotional events, various types of odors (inducing different levels of emotional arousal) were used to explore whether olfactory events modulated time perception differently in visual and auditory modalities. Participants were shown either a visual dot or heard a continuous tone for 1000 or 4000 ms while they were exposed to odors of jasmine, lavender, or garlic. Participants then reproduced the temporal durations of the preceding visual or auditory stimuli by pressing the spacebar twice. Their reproduced durations were compared to those in the control condition (without odor). The results showed that participants produced significantly longer time intervals in the lavender condition than in the jasmine or garlic conditions. The overall influence of odor on time perception was equivalent for both visual and auditory modalities. The analysis of the interaction effect showed that participants produced longer durations than the actual duration in the short interval condition, but they produced shorter durations in the long interval condition. The effect sizes were larger for the auditory modality than those for the visual modality. Moreover, by comparing performance across the initial and the final blocks of the experiment, we found odor adaptation effects were mainly manifested as longer reproductions for the short time interval later in the adaptation phase, and there was a larger effect size in the auditory modality. In summary, the present results indicate that odors imposed differential impacts on reproduced time durations, and they were constrained by different sensory modalities, valence of the emotional events, and target durations. Biases in time perception could be accounted for by a framework of attentional deployment between the inducers (odors) and emotionally neutral stimuli (visual dots and sound beeps).