Perceptual adjustments to multiple speakers
Perceptual adjustments to multiple speakers
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2006.07.010
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Samuel, Arthur G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kraljic, Tanya;Samuel, Arthur G.
不同的说话者对同一个声音的发音可能会有很大的不同，但听众却很容易准确地感知语音。最近的研究表明，听众调整他们先前存在的音素类别，以适应扬声器的发音（知觉学习）。在某些情况下，这些调整似乎反映了音位类别的一般变化，而不是特定于说话者的调整。但是当听众遇到多个发音不同的说话者时会发生什么呢？我们让听众接触两个说话者，他们对一个特定音素的发音各不相同（实验1：/d/或/t/;实验2：/s/或/integral/）。然后，听众将声音分为/d/-/t/或/s/-/integral/ continua，这两种声音都是相同的。结果表明，知觉经验导致非常不同的学习不同类型的音位对比。对于摩擦音，感知学习是特定于说话者的：系统能够同时保持多种不同的表征。相比之下，对塞音的感知学习导致了更普遍的变化，当遇到新的发音时，系统需要重新调整。(C)2006年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Different speakers may pronounce the same sounds very differently, yet listeners have little difficulty perceiving speech accurately. Recent research suggests that listeners adjust their preexisting phonemic categories to accommodate speakers' pronunciations (perceptual learning). In some cases, these adjustments appear to reflect general changes to phonemic categories, rather than speaker-specific adjustments. But what happens when listeners encounter multiple speakers with different pronunciations? We exposed listeners to two speakers who varied in their pronunciation of a particular phoneme (Experiment 1: /d/ or /t/; Experiment 2: /s/ or /integral/). Listeners then categorized sounds on /d/-/t/ or /s/-/integral/ continua, in the same two voices. The results suggest that perceptual experience leads to very different learning for different types of phonemic contrasts. For fricatives, perceptual learning was speaker-specific: The system was able to maintain multiple different representations simultaneously. In contrast, perceptual learning for stop consonants resulted in more general changes that required the system to re-adjust when a new pronunciation was encountered. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.