Tonal alignment in Tokyo Japanese
Tonal alignment in Tokyo Japanese
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东京日语的声调对齐
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
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通讯作者：
Takeshi Ishihara
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作者：
Takeshi Ishihara
近年来，各种语言的声调规律已积累了大量的证据。然而，对这些排列规律的描述和建模仍存在很大分歧。本论文研究东京日语的声调对齐有两个目的。一是对东京日语声调对齐的全面描述，包括一种众所周知的现象ososagari(峰值延迟)；二是以东京日语声调对齐的经验数据为基础，对当前对声调对齐的理解做出贡献。我们进行了三个语音产生实验。第一个实验考察了F0目标在重音单词开头的排列情况，改变了重读音节的音节/Mora结构。结果表明，F0峰和谷峰与特定的节段标志一致，F0峰的排列取决于重读音节的音节/Mora结构。第二个实验探索了第一个实验中发现的排列模式在不同的说话模式中是如何受到影响的；感兴趣的说话模式是快语速、提高音调和局部强调。结果表明，第一个实验中发现的有序排列行为在不同的说话方式下保持不变，尽管发现了不同类型的小影响。第三个实验比较了非重音单词和非重音单词与重音单词的F0峰对齐。非重音单词的结果表明，F0峰与特定的地标一致，这与首字母重音单词的结果相当。另一方面，非声母重音单词的结果显示，与声母重音单词相比，基音重音单词的F0峰更早对齐。目前的研究结果总体上表明，F0目标与韵律结构中的特定位置以特定语言的方式一致地对齐，这
A large amount of evidence for regularities of tonal alignment in various languages has been accumulated recently. However, there is still much disagreement on the characterisation and modelling of these alignment regularities. This thesis investigates tonal alignment in Tokyo Japanese with two objectives. One is to provide a thorough description of tonal alignment in Tokyo Japanese, including a well-known phenomenon, ososagari (‘peak delay’); the other is to contribute to the current understanding of tonal alignment, based on empirical data of tonal alignment in Tokyo Japanese. Three speech production experiments were performed. The first experiment examined the alignment of the F0 targets at the beginning of initial-accented words, varying the syllable/mora structures of the accented syllable. The results showed that both the F0 valley and peak were consistently aligned with specific segmental landmarks, and that the alignment of the F0 peak depended on the syllable/mora structure of the accented syllable. The second experiment explored how the alignment patterns found in the first experiment were influenced in different speaking modes; the speaking modes of interest were fast speech rate, raised voice, and local emphasis. The results showed that the orderly alignment behaviour found in the first experiment remained intact irrespective of different speaking modes, although different kinds of small effects were found. The third experiment compared the F0 peak alignment of unaccented and non-initial-accented words to those of initial-accented words. The results of unaccented words demonstrated consistent alignment of the F0 peak with a specific landmark, which is comparable to those of initial-accented words. On the other hand, the results of non-initial-accented words showed earlier alignment of the F0 peak for the pitch accent than those of initialaccented words. The results of the current study as a whole demonstrate consistent alignment of the F0 targets with specific places in the prosodic structure in a language-specific way, which