Longitudinal Associations Between Parental Bonding, Parenting Stress, and Executive Functioning in Toddlerhood.
Longitudinal Associations Between Parental Bonding, Parenting Stress, and Executive Functioning in Toddlerhood.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10826-017-0679-7
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
van Bakel HJA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Cock ESA;Henrichs J;Klimstra TA;Janneke B M Maas A;Vreeswijk CMJM;Meeus WHJ;van Bakel HJA
早期执行功能是儿童未来认知技能发展和行为结果的重要预测指标。父母行为已被证明是儿童执行功能的关键环境决定因素。然而，父母的情感和对儿童的认知与儿童执行功能之间的关系尚未得到充分的研究。因此，在本研究中，我们研究了父母关系（即父母与孩子之间的情感联系）、父母压力和儿童执行功能之间的关系。在妊娠26周、产后6个月和24个月评估母亲（N = 335）和父亲（N = 261）与婴儿的关系质量。在24个月时，通过父母报告问卷测量产后父母压力和儿童执行功能。结果表明，随着时间的推移，母亲和父亲的亲密感对经历过的养育压力都有负面的预测。此外，对于父母双方来说，通过经历育儿压力，发现了对儿童执行功能问题的负面间接影响。这些发现表明，监测那些早期亲子关系水平和质量较低的父母的重要性，因为这使他们容易受到育儿压力的影响，从而使他们的孩子面临发展执行功能问题的风险。
Early executive functioning is an important predictor for future development of children’s cognitive skills and behavioral outcomes. Parenting behavior has proven to be a key environmental determinant of child executive functioning. However, the association of parental affect and cognitions directed to the child with child executive functioning has been understudied. Therefore, in the present study we examine the associations between parental bonding (i.e., the affective tie from parent to child), parenting stress, and child executive functioning. At 26 weeks of pregnancy, and at 6 months and 24 months postpartum the quality of the maternal (N = 335) and paternal (N = 261) bond with the infant was assessed. At 24 months, postnatal parenting stress and child executive functioning were measured by means of parent-report questionnaires. Results indicated that for both mothers and fathers feelings of bonding negatively predicted experienced parenting stress over time. In addition, for both parents a negative indirect effect of bonding on child executive functioning problems was found via experienced parenting stress. These findings indicate the importance of monitoring parents who experience a low level and quality of early parent-child bonding, as this makes them vulnerable to parenting stress, consequently putting their children at risk for developing executive functioning problems.