Exploring national and regional orchestration of non-state action for a < 1.5 A°C world
Exploring national and regional orchestration of non-state action for a < 1.5 A°C world
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DOI：
10.1007/s10784-018-9384-2
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发表时间：
2018-02-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Widerberg, Oscar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chan, Sander;Ellinger, Paula;Widerberg, Oscar
非国家和次国家行为者（例如，公司和城市）的重要性日益得到认可，因为目前的政府承诺不足以将全球气温上升限制在1.5 A摄氏度。协调，“协调器”之间的对齐（例如，国际组织和政府）和“中间人”（例如，城市网络和伙伴关系）可以通过建立催化联系和促成越来越多的行动来利用额外的贡献。虽然大多数协调工作是在国际气候谈判的背景下进行的，但区域和国家协调工作也可能是有益的，有助于履行国家承诺，并激发更大的雄心。我们调查是否以及如何区域和国家协调国际协调的不足。通过比较研究，我们提供了一个早期的迹象，在拉丁美洲，欧洲，印度，阿根廷和瑞典的编排的催化潜力。我们发现，全球层面的协调对这些举措的出现产生了相当大的影响，但协调并不简单地复制其他努力;它们强调不同的催化联系，包括代表性不足的行为者的参与;实施;以及提供概念和物质支持。在一个有多个协调机构的复杂环境中，催化联系有时可以通过协调得到改善。考虑到所需的巨大转型规模，关注规模似乎是自然的。然而，为了取得社会公正的结果，协调需要抵制只注重规模的做法，还要着眼于实验性和小规模的行动，这些行动可能不会立即产生大规模的影响，但可能对长期的变革至关重要。
The importance of actions by non-state and sub-national actors (e.g., companies and cities) is increasingly recognized, because current governmental commitments are insufficient to limit the increase of global temperatures to 1.5 A degrees C. Orchestration, the alignment between 'orchestrator' (e.g., international organizations and governments) and 'intermediaries' (e.g., city networks and partnerships), could harness additional contributions by building catalytic linkages and by enabling a growing number of actions. Although most orchestration efforts have been made in the context of international climate negotiations, regional and national orchestration could be useful by contributing to the implementation of national commitments, and by inspiring greater ambition. We investigate whether and how regional and national orchestrators respond to shortfalls in international orchestration. Using insights from a comparative study, we provide an early indication of the catalytic potential of orchestration in Latin America, Europe, India, Argentina, and Sweden. We find considerable impacts of global level orchestration on the emergence of these initiatives, however orchestrators do not simply copy other efforts; they emphasize different catalytic linkages, including the engagement of underrepresented actors; implementation; and, the provision of ideational and material support. Catalytic linkages in a complex landscape with multiple orchestrators could sometimes be improved through coordination. Given the enormous scale of transformation needed, a focus on scale may seem natural. However, for socially just outcomes, orchestrators need to resist a sole focus on scale, and also aim at experimental and small-scale actions, which may not lead to immediate large-scale impacts but which may prove crucial in longer-term transformations.