Penetration of Diesel Exhaust Particles Through Commercially Available Dust Half Masks
Penetration of Diesel Exhaust Particles Through Commercially Available Dust Half Masks
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DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/mes074
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Moskal, Arkadiusz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Penconek, Agata;Drazyk, Paulina;Moskal, Arkadiusz
半面罩由美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）和适用共同欧洲法规的相应欧洲国家机构认证。然而，认证测试是使用氯化钠、石蜡油或邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）颗粒并以恒定流速进行的，而工作场所中常见的颗粒可能在尺寸、形状和形态上与这些颗粒不同。因此，本研究的目的是研究市售过滤面罩半面罩在暴露于柴油烟雾的条件下的过滤效率。在这项研究中，我们专注于三种（石油柴油，生态柴油和生物柴油）柴油燃料燃烧类型的颗粒相[柴油机排气颗粒（DEP）]。测试了两种类型的欧洲标准认证的半面罩，FFP 2和FFP -过滤面罩，以及三种类型的流行柴油燃料。研究表明，每个检查的半面罩和每个柴油机废气的过滤效率低于欧洲标准对标准测试气溶胶所要求的最低过滤效率。对于FFP 2和FFP 3颗粒半面罩，标准最小过滤效率分别为94%和99%，而来自各种燃料的DEP质量的8489%被测试的FFP 2过滤，而FFP 3仅过滤7586%。研究表明，DEP对这些过滤器的渗透性比标准盐或石蜡油测试气溶胶更强。该研究还表明，最具穿透力的DEP可能在30至300纳米的尺寸范围内，无论燃料类型和半掩模模型如何。最后，在80分钟的测试中，两个半面罩的压降保持在可接受的最大呼吸阻力以下，无论燃料类型如何。如果使用FFP 2或FFP 3微粒半面罩，则在40分钟测试暴露期间，呼吸系统可能暴露于1216 mg DEP。总之，市售的半面罩可能无法确保对呼吸道提供足够的保护，使其免受柴油废气的影响。
Half masks are certified by the competent, national institutionsuNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in the USA and the respective European national institutions applying common European regulations. However, certification testing is conducted with particles of NaCl, paraffin oil, or dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and at the constant flow rate, whereas particles commonly found in workplaces may differ in size, shape, and morphology from these particles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate filtration efficiency of commercially available filtering facepiece half masks under the condition of exposure to diesel fumes. In this study, we focused on the particulate phase [diesel exhaust particles (DEP)] of three (petroleum diesel, ecodiesel, and biodiesel) diesel fuel combustion types. Two types of European standard-certified half masks, FFP2 and FFP - Filtering Facepiece, and three types of popular diesel fuels were tested. The study showed that the filtration efficiencies for each examined half mask and for each of diesel exhaust fumes were lower than the minimum filtration efficiency required for the standard test aerosols by the European standards. For FFP2 and FFP3 particulate half masks, standard minimum filtration efficiency is 94 and 99%, respectively, whereas 8489% of mass of DEP from various fuels were filtered by the tested FFP2 and only 7586% by the FFP3. The study indicated that DEP is more penetrating for these filters than the standard salt or paraffin oil test aerosols. The study also showed that the most penetrating DEP are probably in the 30- to 300-nm size range, regardless of the fuel type and the half-mask model. Finally, the pressure drops across both half masks during the 80-min tests remained below an acceptable maximum of breathing resistanceuregardless of the fuel types. The respiratory system, during 40-min test exposures, may be exposed to 1216mg of DEP if a FFP2 or FFP3 particulate half mask is used. To conclude, commercially available half masks may not ensure a sufficient level of protection of the respiratory tract against diesel exhaust fumes.