Role of Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the First Year of Life
Role of Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the First Year of Life
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DOI：
10.1097/01.mpg.0000338811.52062.b2
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Agostoni, Carlo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Agostoni, Carlo
大脑中最丰富的2种长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）是二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和花生四烯酸（ARA），它们在婴儿发育中具有功能和结构作用。DHA集中在前额皮质和一些视网膜细胞中，前额皮质对联想和短期记忆很重要。在生命的第一年，人类母乳中PUFA的浓度相对稳定，研究表明，母乳喂养的婴儿比配方奶粉喂养的婴儿具有更高的DHA平均重量百分比，以及更高比例的DHA在红细胞和大脑皮层中。此外，母乳喂养婴儿的皮质DHA随着年龄的增长而增加，可能是由于喂养时间的长短。与玉米油补充剂相比，母亲补充鱼肝油（富含DHA和二十碳五烯酸）可提高4岁以下儿童的智商。母乳中的LCPUFA含量受多种因素影响，包括饮食、胎龄、产次和吸烟。补充DHA和ARA的配方饲料可使婴儿发育类似于母乳喂养，并可能对儿童后期的血压有益。无论饮食类型如何，断奶后补充LCPUFA对视力的有益影响仍然存在。母乳喂养和配方奶粉喂养的婴儿补充的长期影响和持续时间需要进一步调查。JPGN 47.S41-S44，2008年。(C)2008年由欧洲儿科胃肠病学、肝病学和营养学会和北美儿科胃肠病学、肝病学和营养学会
The 2 most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in the brain are docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), where they have a functional and structural role in infant development. DHA is concentrated in the prefrontal cortex, which is important for association and short-term memory, and in some retinal cells. Concentrations of PUFAs in human breast milk are relatively consistent during the first year of life, and studies have shown that breast-fed infants have a greater mean weight percentage of DHA and a greater proportion of DHA in their red blood cells and brain cortex than formula-fed infants. Furthermore, cortex DHA in breast-fed infants increases with age, probably due to the length of feeding. Maternal supplementation with cod liver oil, which is rich in DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid, improved children's intelligence quotient compared with corn-oil supplementation by 4 years of age. The LCPUFA content of human breast milk is affected by a number of factors, including diet, gestational age, parity, and smoking. Supplementation of formula feed with DHA and ARA results in infant development that is similar to breast-feeding, and may have benefits on blood pressure in later childhood. The beneficial effects of LCPUFA supplementation on Visual acuity continue after weaning irrespective of the type of diet. The long-term effects and duration of supplementation of breast- and formula-fed infants requires further investigation. JPGN 47.S41-S44, 2008. (C) 2008 by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition