Iron Dysregulation in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alzheimer's Disease.

Iron Dysregulation in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alzheimer's Disease.
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DOI:
10.3390/antiox11040692
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发表时间:
2022-03-31
期刊:
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
其他
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阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种以神经元功能障碍、记忆和认知功能下降为特征的破坏性进行性神经退行性疾病。铁对神经元活动、神经递质生物合成和能量稳态至关重要。铁蓄积发生在AD中,并通过激活多因素机制导致神经元功能障碍。线粒体产生能量,铁是以下过程所需的关键辅因子:(1)通过电子传递链产生ATP,(2)血红素蛋白生物合成和(3)铁硫簇形成。铁稳态的破坏导致线粒体功能障碍和能量衰竭。铁凋亡是一种非凋亡性铁依赖性细胞死亡形式,由活性氧和脂质过氧化的不受控制的积累介导,与AD和其他神经退行性疾病相关。AD发病机制复杂,有多种不同的相互作用因素,包括Aβ-斑块形成、磷酸化tau蛋白和氧化还原应激。不幸的是,针对这些典型特征的AD临床试验在很大程度上是不成功的。在这里,我们审查证据铁失调,以AD和潜在的针对铁凋亡作为一种治疗干预AD。
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal dysfunction, and decreased memory and cognitive function. Iron is critical for neuronal activity, neurotransmitter biosynthesis, and energy homeostasis. Iron accumulation occurs in AD and results in neuronal dysfunction through activation of multifactorial mechanisms. Mitochondria generate energy and iron is a key co-factor required for: (1) ATP production by the electron transport chain, (2) heme protein biosynthesis and (3) iron-sulfur cluster formation. Disruptions in iron homeostasis result in mitochondrial dysfunction and energetic failure. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic iron-dependent form of cell death mediated by uncontrolled accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, is associated with AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. AD pathogenesis is complex with multiple diverse interacting players including Aβ-plaque formation, phosphorylated tau, and redox stress. Unfortunately, clinical trials in AD based on targeting these canonical hallmarks have been largely unsuccessful. Here, we review evidence linking iron dysregulation to AD and the potential for targeting ferroptosis as a therapeutic intervention for AD.
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