Buried solutions: How Maya urban life substantiates soil connectivity
Buried solutions: How Maya urban life substantiates soil connectivity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114925
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发表时间：
2021-01-22
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Isendahl, Christian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Evans, Daniel L.;Vis, Benjamin N.;Isendahl, Christian
土壤是可持续发展的关键。然而，城市规划决策坚持妥协的城市土壤资源的可用性。城市土地覆盖扩张，以适应不断增长的人口的结果，土壤密封。对土壤的隐蔽和物理障碍使城市人口无法参与其对土壤的依赖。土壤连通性概念认识到，培育互利的土壤-社会关系是实现土壤安全的一个重要方面。城市环境中人口集中，迫切需要建立富有成效的土壤-社会关系，并为加强土壤连通性提供了最大的潜力。然而，土壤连通性的研究仍显不足，导致缺乏证据来证实土壤连通性如何有助于维持城市生活。土壤和城市发展的纠缠在历史上一直是至关重要的，但很少在土壤安全话语中得到认可。我们回顾了前哥伦布时期低地玛雅热带城市化中有效土壤连通性的表现。考古证据表明，首先，低地玛雅城市定居模式在很大程度上保留了城市开放空间的细分和配置中土壤的可用性，接近性和可访问性。第二，玛雅城市生活包括一些积极促进土壤形成的做法，这些做法增加了土壤存量，改善了该地区主要岩溶岩性造成的贫瘠土壤的有益土壤特性。第三，一系列玛雅景观改造和工程实践使城市环境中的土壤得以保存和保护。我们获得了基于证据的见解，持续了两千多年的城市传统，将密集的土壤社会关系，以证实土壤连通性的概念。通过加强城市生活中与土壤的接触，使城市规划更好地促进土壤的连通性，将促进土壤安全。
Soils are a pivot of sustainable development. Yet, urban planning decisions persist in compromising the usability of the urban soils resource. Urban land cover expansion to accommodate an increasing population results in soil sealing. Concealment of and physical obstructions to soils prevent urban populations from engaging with their soil dependency. The concept of soil connectivity recognises that nurturing mutually beneficial soil-society relations is an essential dimension for achieving soil security. The concentrated populations of urban environments acutely require productive soil-society relations and offer the greatest potential for enhancing soil connectivity. Soil connectivity remains notably under-researched, however, resulting in deficient evidence to substantiate exactly how soil connectivity can contribute to sustaining urban life. The entanglement of soil and urban development has been critical throughout history, but seldom recognised in soil security discourse. We review the manifestation of effective soil connectivity in Precolumbian lowland Maya tropical urbanism. Archaeological evidence reveals, first, that lowland Maya urban settlement patterns largely preserved the availability, proximity, and accessibility of soils in the subdivision and configuration of urban open space. Second, Maya urban life included practices that proactively contributed to the formation of soils by adding to the stock of soils and improving beneficial soil properties of the thin and often nutrient-poor soils resulting from the regionally dominant karstic lithology. Third, a range of Maya landscape modifications and engineering practices enabled the preservation and protection of soils within urban environments. We derive evidence-based insights on an urban tradition that endured for well over two millennia by incorporating intensive soil-society relationships to substantiate the concept of soil connectivity. Inspiring urban planning to stimulate soil connectivity through enhancing the engagement with soils in urban life would promote soil security.