Genetic Diversity Among Jews: Diseases and Markers at the DNA Level
Genetic Diversity Among Jews: Diseases and Markers at the DNA Level
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犹太人的遗传多样性：DNA 水平的疾病和标记
DOI：
10.1136/jmg.30.4.352
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Alan Emery
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alan Emery
由于社会、地理或宗教的原因，会出现种群隔离，在这些隔离中可能会积累有害基因。这一点在芬兰人、阿米什人和犹太人中都有很好的记载。对这些人群的研究使我们了解了人口对基因频率的影响，以及一些罕见疾病的遗传学和分子病理学。这本编辑精良、内容全面的书涉及到各种犹太人口的此类问题。世界犹太人的人口变化在一个最迷人的开篇章节中进行了回顾。从世纪克劳狄时代开始，据估计犹太人的数量在500万到800万之间，这个数字波动很大，但在过去的200年里逐渐增加。此外，犹太人在一个社区内结婚的趋势（所谓的贝尼尼指数）近年来一直在逐步下降。此外，除了以色列之外，犹太人与不改信犹太教的非犹太人结婚的趋势也越来越明显。所有这些变化的结果，如果继续下去，将对基因库产生稀释作用。因此，在这些变化可能产生任何重大影响之前，本卷是受欢迎的。本卷的第一部分涉及多态性（核和线粒体DNA，HLA，G6PD）。第二部分涉及孟德尔疾病，特别是在德系犹太人（例如，各种脂质储存障碍，自主神经功能障碍，肾上腺增生III）和非德系犹太人（例如，家族性地中海热）中流行。最后一部分涉及在某些犹太社区可能特别常见的多因素疾病，包括冠状动脉疾病和特发性炎症性肠病。这卷是献给理查德古德曼医学博士（1932年至1989年），谁是人类遗传学在特拉维夫大学，谁贡献了这么多，以各种方式对医学遗传学，但特别是对犹太人的遗传疾病的研究。理查德是我近30年的私人朋友，我知道他会非常自豪地与这样一个有价值的工作奖学金。
For social, geographical, or religious reasons population isolates occur, and within these there can be an accumulation of deleterious genes. This has been well documented in the Finns, the Amish, and the Jews. The study of these populations has taught us much about demographic influences on gene frequencies as well as the symptomatology and molecular pathology of a number of rare diseases. This well edited and comprehensive volume addresses such matters in regard to various Jewish populations. Demographic changes in world Jewry are reviewed in a most fascinating opening chapter. From the time of Claudius in the 5th century, when it has been estimated there were between five and eight million Jews, the numbers have fluctuated considerably but with a progressive increase over the last 200 years. Moreover, the tendency for Jews to marry within a community (so called Benini's index) has been progressively falling in recent years. Furthermore, apart from Israel, there has also been an increasing tendency for Jews to marry non-Jews who do not convert to Judaism. The result of all these changes, if continued, will be to have a dilut-ing effect on the gene pool. The present volume is therefore welcome before these changes might possibly have any significant effect.The first part of the volume is concerned with polymorphisms (nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, HLA, G6PD). The next deals with mendelian disorders particularly preva-lent among Ashkenazim (for example, various lipid storage disorders, dysautonomia, adrenal hyperplasia III) and non-Ashkenazim (for example, familial Mediter-ranean fever). The final part addresses multifactorial diseases which may be particularly common in certain Jewish communities, including coronary artery disease and idio-pathic inflammatory bowel diseases. This volume is dedicated to Richard Goodman MD (1932-1989) who was Profes-sor of Human Genetics at Tel-Aviv University and who contributed so much in various ways to medical genetics, but particularly to the study ofgenetic disorders among Jews. Richard was a personal friend of mine for nearly 30 years and I know he would have been very proud to be associated with such a valuable work of scholarship.