Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium homolog ClMAD1 modulates the floral transition during temperature shift
Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium homolog ClMAD1 modulates the floral transition during temperature shift
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菊花同源物 ClMAD1 在温度变化期间调节花的转变
DOI：
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2021.104720
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Fangfang Ma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xinyi Zhang;Peng Zhang;Ge Wang;Zhilong Bao;Fangfang Ma
菊花花的发生和发育需要精确的细胞分裂和扩展，这是由一个涉及许多细胞周期调节因子的复杂网络调控的。有丝分裂阻滞缺陷1（MAD 1）是纺锤体组装检查点的一个重要组成部分，它通过与Frigida抑制子4（SUF 4）相互作用调节开花基因座C（FLC）的转录，从而调控拟南芥的花转变。到目前为止，在菊花中还没有发现MAD 1、SUF 4和FLChomp基因，相关研究也未见报道。本研究首次从菊花中分离并克隆了ClMAD 1和ClSUF 4同源基因。ClMAD 1和ClSUF 4均定位于细胞核，在不同组织中表达不同。ClMAD 1在拟南芥中的过表达促进了叶片的内多倍化，并不同程度地恢复了突变体的细胞周期和开花表型。在拟南芥中过量表达ClSUF 4导致开花显著延迟，这与FLC基因转录增强和FT基因转录降低有关。预测ClMAD 1具有三个卷曲螺旋（coiled-coil，CC）结构域，比拟南芥多一个。与AtSUF 4类似，预测ClSUF 4具有两个Zn-C2 H2结构域。蛋白质相互作用分析表明ClSUF 4可以与AtMAD 1相互作用，ClMAD 1的第三个卷曲螺旋结构域不是全长蛋白。所有这些数据表明ClMAD 1和ClSUF 4都是功能同源物。我们进一步分离了它们的下游信号成分ClFLC-like（ClFLCl）基因，ClFLCl在营养生长期叶片中高表达，抽薹后显著降低，表明其在成花转变中起负作用。长期冷处理显著抑制了ClFLCl基因的转录。温度变化促进了菊花的成花转变，这与ClMAD 1、ClSUF 4和ClFLCl基因转录水平的波动有关。综上所述，我们报道了ClMAD 1与ClSUF 4相互作用调节ClFLCl介导的菊花温度转换的新机制。
Flower initiation and development in chrysanthemum requires accurate cell division and expansion, which are regulated by a complex network involved with many cell cycle regulators. Mitotic arrest deficiency 1 (MAD1) is a key component of spindle assembly checkpoint, which was reported to regulate floral transition in Arabidopsis through the interaction with Suppressor of FRIGIDA 4 (SUF4) to modulateFloweringLocus C(FLC) transcription. So far, noMAD1,SUF4andFLChomologous genes, and related studies were reported in chrysanthemum. Here we first isolated and cloneClMAD1andClSUF4homologs inChrysanthemum lavandulifolium. Both ClMAD1 and ClSUF4 localized in nuclei, and their expression varied in different tissues. Overexpression ofClMAD1in Arabidopsis promoted endopolyploidization in leaves, and restored cell cycle and flowering phenotypes ofmad1mutants to different extents. Overexpression ofClSUF4in Arabidopsis resulted in significantly late flowering, which was correlated with enhanced transcription ofFLCand reduced transcription ofFTgene. ClMAD1 was predicted to have three coiled-coil (CC) domains, which is one more than that in Arabidopsis. Similar to AtSUF4, ClSUF4 was predicted to have two Zn-C2H2 domains. Protein-protein interaction assays revealed that ClSUF4 could interact with AtMAD1, and the third coiled-coil domain of ClMAD1 not the full-length protein. All these data suggest that bothClMAD1andClSUF4are functional homologs. We further isolated their downstream signaling componentClFLC-like(ClFLCl) genes.ClFLClhad high expression in leaves at vegetative growth stage, and significantly reduced after the bolting suggesting a negative role in the floral transition. Long-term cold treatment significantly repressed the transcription ofClFLClgenes. Temperature shift promoted floral transition of chrysanthemum, which is correlated with the fluctuation ofClMAD1,ClSUF4andClFLCltranscription. Taken together, we reported a novel machinery on the regulation of floral transition in chrysanthemum that ClMAD1 interacts with ClSUF4 to modulateClFLCl-mediated floral transition during the temperature shift.