RECENT AFRICAN ORIGIN OF MODERN HUMANS REVEALED BY COMPLETE SEQUENCES OF HOMINOID MITOCHONDRIAL DNAS
RECENT AFRICAN ORIGIN OF MODERN HUMANS REVEALED BY COMPLETE SEQUENCES OF HOMINOID MITOCHONDRIAL DNAS
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.92.2.532
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发表时间：
1995-01-17
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
TAKAHATA, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
HORAI, S;HAYASAKA, K;TAKAHATA, N
我们分析了三名人类（非洲人、欧洲人和日本人）、三只非洲猿（普通黑猩猩、侏儒黑猩猩和大猩猩）和一只猩猩的完整线粒体 DNA (mtDNA) 序列，试图最准确地估计人科动物 mtDNA 的替换率和分歧时间。猩猩和非洲猿在1300万年前分化，我们获得了人类和黑猩猩490万年的分化时间，这个分化时间允许校准同义替换率（每年3.89 x 10(-8)/位点），为了获得置换（D）环区域的替换率，我们比较了三种人类mtDNA，并测量了D环区域和同义替换的相对丰度。 D 环区域的估计替换率为每年 7.00 x 10(-8)/位点，使用同义替换和 D 环替换，我们推断出人类 mtDNA 最后共同祖先的年龄为 143,000 +/- 18,000 年。现代人类，智人之家。
We analyzed the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of three humans (African, European, and Japanese), three African apes (common and pygmy chimpanzees, and gorilla), and one orangutan in an attempt to estimate most accurately the substitution rates and divergence times of hominoid mtDNAs, Nonsynonymous substitutions and substitutions in RNA genes have accumulated with an approximately clock-like regularity, From these substitutions and under the assumption that the orangutan and African apes diverged 13 million years ago, we obtained a divergence time for humans and chimpanzees of 4.9 million years, This divergence time permitted calibration of the synonymous substitution rate (3.89 x 10(-8)/site per year), To obtain the substitution rate in the displacement (D)-loop region, we compared the three human mtDNAs and measured the relative abundance of substitutions in the D-loop region and at synonymous sites, The estimated substitution rate in the D-loop region was 7.00 x 10(-8)/site per year, Using both synonymous and D-loop substitutions, we inferred the age of the last common ancestor of the human mtDNAs as 143,000 +/- 18,000 years, The shallow ancestry of human mtDNAs, together with the observation that the African sequence is the most diverged among humans, strongly supports the recent African origin of modern humans, Home sapiens sapiens.