Effects of palytoxins extracted from Ostreopsis ovata on the oxidative stress and immune responses in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Effects of palytoxins extracted from Ostreopsis ovata on the oxidative stress and immune responses in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
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卵形骨藻毒素对凡纳滨对虾氧化应激和免疫反应的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.001
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Lu, Songhui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cen, Jingyi;Cui, Lei;Lu, Songhui
海葵毒素（Palytoxins，PLTXs）是一类复杂的有毒海洋天然产物，对海洋生物乃至人类都具有毒性。在本研究中，在凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺和鳃的氧化应激和免疫反应进行了评估后72小时注射PLTX提取物。化学和生理参数，例如，分析呼吸爆发（O2-）、抗氧化酶活性、脂质氧化损伤、蛋白质羰基化和免疫基因mRNA表达水平。结果表明，PLTX提取物对对虾无致死作用，但能降低其游动性。暴露后鳃组织中O-2（-）含量逐渐升高，在6 ~ 72 h显著高于对照组。鳃中丙二醛含量、脂质过氧化、蛋白质羰基含量和总抗氧化能力均在12 h达到峰值。同时，鳃连接疏松，有明显的上皮组织崩解，12 h后角质层消失。此外，与对照组相比，PLTX提取物处理组在注射后12 - 72 h、24-48 h、12-24 h和12-72 h分别增加了对虾肝胰腺中O-2（-）含量、丙二醛含量、脂质过氧化和蛋白质羰基水平。与对照组相比，毒素注射后6-72 h，肝胰腺中的Crust：in和Toll基因表达水平均显著增加。与此同时，锰超氧化物歧化酶基因的表达水平从6到48 h逐渐下降，72 h后恢复到正常水平。有趣的是，总的抗氧化能力也显着增加，与对照组相比，从6到72 h。我们的研究结果表明，虽然PLTX提取物引起脂质过氧化和羰基化的蛋白质在肝胰腺细胞，导致其损害，他们并没有引起肝胰腺的总抗氧化能力的下降。
Palytoxins (PLTXs) are a group of complex and poisonous marine natural products that are toxic to marine life and even human beings. In the present study, the oxidative stress and immune response in the hepatopancreas and gills of Litopenaeus vannamei were assessed for 72 h after injection with PLTX extracts. Chemical and physiological parameters, e.g., the respiratory burst (O2-), activities of antioxidant enzymes, oxidative damage to lipids, carbonylation of proteins, and immune gene mRNA expression levels, were analysed. The results showed that the PLTX extract was not fatal to the shrimp but could reduce their mobility. The O-2(-) levels in the gills gradually increased after exposure to PLTX extracts and were significantly higher than those in the control from 6 to 72 h. The malondialdehyde content, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl levels, and total antioxidant capacity in the gills all peaked at 12 h. At the same time, the gills were loosely connected, there was a clear disintegration of the epithelial tissue, and the stratum corneum disappeared after 12 h. In addition, compared to those in the control group, the PLTX extract treatment increased the O-2(-) content, malondialdehyde content, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl levels from 12 to 72 h, 24-48 h, 12-24 h, and 12-72 h after injection in the hepatopancreas of the shrimp, respectively. Both the Crust:in and Toll gene expression levels significantly increased in the hepatopancreas compared to those in the control 6-72 h after injection of the toxin. In parallel, the expression levels of the manganese superoxide dismutase gene gradually decreased from 6 to 48 h and returned to normal levels after 72 h. Interestingly, the total antioxidant capacity also significantly increased compared to that in the control from 6 to 72 h. Our results indicate that although PLTX extracts cause lipid peroxidation and carbonylation of proteins in hepatopancreatic cells, leading to their damage, they did not cause a decrease in the total antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreas.